Genetic Engineering
What is the shape of a Plasmid and what is the shape of a Bacterial DNA.
Plasmids are circular in shape and Bacterial DNA are irregular in shape.
What are mutations.
Mutations are a permanent change in DNA nucleotide base sequence of organisms.
Do enzymes get used up during reactions?
NO
What are the four levels of protein structure.
Primary Protein Structure, Secondary Protein Structure, Tertiary Protein Structure, and Quaternary Protein Structure.
What are the two types of cell divisions that happen in the cell?
Meiosis and Mitosis.
Please define Transgene, Transgenic, and Transgenesis.
Transgene is genes which belong to another species. Transgenic is when an organism whose genome contains DNA from another species.
Transgenesis is the process of inserting foreign DNA into an organism.
What is it called when homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis.
It is called non-disjunction.
Which part of the enzyme does the substrate fit in?
It fits in the enzymes active zone.
In each level of protein structures what increases with it?
The level of complexity.
What are chromosomes arranged as?
They are arranged in pairs.
Why is DNA Ligation often referred as an "molecular glue"? What is it the reverse of?
DNA Ligation is the process where it joins two pieces of DNA together. Since DNA is a molecule, DNA Ligation is called a molecular glue. DNA Ligation is the reserve of cutting DNA using Restriction Enzymes.
Do polyploid plants have smaller or larger fruits than normal plants?
Explain the difference of anabolic enzymes and catabolic enzymes.
Anabolic enzymes take small molecules and build larger ones, whereas catabolic enzymes take large molecules and break them into smaller ones.
What is the first and second stage of protein synthesis
The first in transcription and the second is translation.
How much chromosomes does the average human have?
The average human has around 46 chromosomes.
Is this a Blunt End or a Sticky End
G G G|T T T
C C C|A A A
Hint: Lines are lined up.
BLUNT ENDS
Is it possible for people to have more or less than two chromosomes. If so, name what its called.
It is possible and it is called aneuploidy.
T OR F: When the substrate binds to the enzyme it forms the enzyme-substrate complex.
This is TRUE
What's the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?
Fibrous proteins form tough bundles and are used to build structures whereas globular proteins are irregularly folded globes which have a chemical role in the body.
What are gametes?
Eggs, sperm and pollen. They are also specialized haploid cells.
What are the three main enzymes used in Genetic Engineering?
They are Restriction Enzyme, Ligase, and DNA Polymerase.
We know that somatic cells can be Diploids, what else they can be.
They can be polyploid, triploid, and tetraploid.
T OR F: Amylase which breaks down starch in the mouth is an example of a catabolic enzyme.
This is TRUE
Describe what happens during mRNA processing?
The non-coding regions are removed and the exons are spliced together.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes which have half the number of chromosomes as body cells.