Theories
How does a theory differ from a law?
A theory explains, a law describes.
Remains from once-living organisms that allow us to compare ancient to modern species.
Fossils OR transitional fossils OR intermediate species/fossils.
Define natural selection.
A process by which nature selects those organisms with the best adaptations for their environment to survive and reproduce.
Define evolution.
Gradual change in DNA in species over time.
True or False: Unlike natural selection, artificial selection is directly controlled by...
humans
According to spontaneous generation...
living organisms could arise from nonliving things.
Examples of these types of structures are your tailbone and the pelvis and femur bones inside a whale.
Vestigial structures
Which condition of natural selection is explained here?
In a large population of lizards living in a forest, only those lizards that are able to camouflage will survive.
Overproduction.
How can mutations lead to evolution?
Mutations can cause changes in DNA sequences.
What are 3 trends observed in human evolution?
According to the RNA world hypothesis...
RNA came before DNA
Structures on different animals that resemble each other. (For example mammal limb bones.)
Homologous structures.
Which condition of natural selection is explained here?
In the savanna, there are giraffes with longer and some with shorter necks.
Variation
How can genetic drift lead to evolution?
Random chance events (such as a tree falling down and killing organisms in its way) can lead to changes in allele frequencies.
When a farmer breeds livestock to get desired characteristics.
Artificial selection.
This theory is about how eukaryotic cells came to be from prokaryotic cells engulfing other prokaryotic cells and starting to live together. It explains how many organelles, such as chrloroplasts, came to be part of eukaryotic cells.
Evidence for evolution showing that the early development of many vertebrate animals is similar.
Emrbyology
Which condition of natural selection is explained here?
Antibiotic resistant bacteria pass on the resistance to their offspring.
Heritability
How can gene flow lead to evolution?
Organisms migrating into or out of a population can change the frequency of alleles.
This is the type of evidence for evolution that explains how organisms can have many similar features due to similar environments, but have evolved separately.
Biogeography
What was the Miller-Urey experiment about?
It was about 2 scientists trying to recreate the early conditions of our planet to see if organic compounds could be made from inorganic compounds such as water, methane, ammonia. The result was brown goo that DID contain amino acids (organic building blocks for proteins).
A scientist is three samples of DNA from 3 fossils:
Fossil A: TAG - CAG - TCC - AGC
Fossil B: TAG - CAG - ACG - TTT
Fossil C: TAG - CAG - ACG - TTA
What can be concluded about the relatedness of these organisms?
Fossil B and Fossil C are more closely related than A with B or A with C
Which condition of natural selection is explained here?
Organisms with better adaptations for their local environment survive and are able to make more of their own kind.
Reproductive advantage.
What is this an example of?
-A new population of birds established by a few members of the original population.
-The new population is not as varied as the original.
Founder's effect
What does a light-colored mouse have that allows it to survive better than a dark-colored mouse at the beach?
Better adaptations.