Urban Models
This model, developed by Ernest Burgess, depicts the city as a series of concentric rings expanding outward from the CBD.
What is the Concentric Zone Model?
The outward growth of low-density residential development from a city's core, often dependent on automobiles, is called this.
What is urban sprawl?
This term describes the illegal practice of banks or insurance companies denying services to residents in minority or low-income neighborhoods.
What is redlining?
New York, London, and Tokyo are classic examples of this type of city that serves as major nodes in the global economy.
What are world cities (or global cities)?
This planning philosophy emphasizes walkable neighborhoods, mixed-use development, and reduced car dependency as alternatives to sprawl.
What is New Urbanism?
Homer Hoyt's model differs from Burgess's by organizing urban land use into wedge-shaped sections extending from the CBD along transportation lines.
What is the Sector Model?
This process occurs when wealthier residents move into deteriorated urban neighborhoods, raising property values and often displacing lower-income residents.
What is gentrification?
When real estate agents encouraged white homeowners to sell quickly by warning that minorities were moving into the neighborhood, driving down prices, it was called this.
What is blockbusting (or panic selling)?
A country is said to have this condition when its largest city is disproportionately larger than all others — often more than twice the size of the second-largest city.
What is a primate city?
Name 2 principles of designing a city more sustainably?
Walkability, public transportation, use of green space, 15 minute city principle, using renewable energy, etc.
This model, developed by Harris and Ullman, argues that cities grow around multiple focal points rather than a single CBD.
What is the Multiple Nuclei Model?
The term for the process by which businesses, services, and people move from central cities to the residential zones outside of cities is called this.
What is suburbanization?
This term refers to the clustering of similar ethnic or cultural groups into specific residential neighborhoods within a city.
What is ethnic enclave (or segregation)?
This rule that some countries seem to follow states that the second-largest city in a country is half the size of the largest, the third is one-third the size, and so on.
Rank-size rule
Cities that intentionally incorporate green infrastructure, renewable energy, and sustainable design to reduce environmental impact are called this.
What are sustainable cities (or eco-cities / green cities)?
Unlike North American models, this model (used for some foreign countries like Mexico) places wealthy residents near the center and the poor on the periphery.
What is the Latin American City Model (Griffin-Ford Model)?
This term refers to movement to and the large growth of cities within the past 200 years.
What is urbanization?
This practice designates separate areas for residential, commercial, and industrial use, and has been criticized for contributing to urban sprawl and car dependency.
What is single-use zoning?
Coined by journalist Joel Garreau, this term describes large nodes of office, retail, and entertainment space that have emerged on the outskirts of major cities, such as Tysons Corner, Virginia.
What are edge cities?
Transit-oriented development (TOD) is designed to reduce this specific urban problem by clustering housing and services around public transportation hubs.
What is automobile dependency (or traffic congestion / urban sprawl)?
This urban model features a traditional CBD, a market zone, and an informal settlement ring and is associated with cities shaped by European colonialism.
What is the African City Model?
When a city's growth outpaces its infrastructure and services, creating informal settlements lacking clean water and sanitation, the area is referred to by this term.
What is a squatter settlement (or informal settlement / favela / shantytown)?
This federal program, active from the 1950s–1970s, demolished low-income urban neighborhoods deemed "blighted" and displaced thousands of residents, disproportionately affecting minority communities.
What is urban renewal?
Describe the trend we are going to see over the next 100 years of megacities around the world.
Most will be concentrated in Asia and Africa with the largest being concentrated in Africa.
The higher temperatures found in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas — caused by pavement, buildings, and reduced vegetation — is called this.
What is the urban heat island effect?