DNA Replication
DNA replication produces two daughter molecules, each containing one parental strand and one new strand. What is this type of replication called?
Semi-conservative replication
The process of making an RNA copy from a DNA template.
Transcription
The process that converts mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
Translation
The group of genes transcribed together under a single promoter in prokaryotes.
Operon
The sugar found in DNA.
Deoxyribose
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix at the origin of replication.
Helicase
The enzyme that synthesizes RNA using a DNA template.
DNA dependent RNA polymerase
The organelle where translation occurs.
Ribosome
The operon that is repressible and controls tryptophan synthesis.
trp operon
The base that replaces thymine in RNA.
Uracil
The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.
DNA Ligase
In prokaryotes, this protein helps RNA polymerase find the promoter region.
Sigma Factor
The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for one amino acid.
Codon
The molecule that binds to the trp repressor to turn off transcription.
Tryptophan
The experiment that confirmed DNA replication is semi-conservative.
Meselson–Stahl
The enzyme that relieves torsional stress ahead of the replication fork.
Topoisomerase (DNA gyrase)
The DNA sequence where the RNA polymerase initially binds.
Promoter
The RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNA
The operon that is inducible and used for lactose metabolism.
lac operon
The process in eukaryotes that removes introns and joins exons.
splicing
The short RNA segments that act as starting points for DNA synthesis.
Primers
The structure formed when the RNA folds back on itself during Rho-independent termination.
Hairpin
The first amino acid added in prokaryotic translation (initiator tRNA).
Formyl-methionine (fMet)
The activator protein that binds to cAMP to increase transcription when glucose is low.
CAP (Catabolite Activator Protein)
The type of gene regulation that modifies histones or DNA to control gene accessibility.
epigenetic regulation