Unit 6 Taxonomy & Evolution

Taxonomy

100

What level of classification do zebras and humans share?

They share domain, kingdom, phylum and class

200

What is taxonomy?

Naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics 

300

Which species on this phylogenetic tree is most closely related to turtles?

Geckos

400

This chart is showing how different the DNA sequences of five organisms are from each other in percent. Which organism has the most similar DNA sequences when compared to humans?

Chimpanzees (8.8 is the lowest number, which means there is only an 8.8% difference in the DNA sequences)

500

This cladogram is comparing the genetic similarity of amino acids between different species and humans.Draw this cladogram and add a cat that has 91.3% similarity and a penguin that has 78% similarity

You should have dogs and cats on the same branch and put penguins between fruit flies and the dog/cat branch.

Evolution

100

What is evolution?

Change in species over time that shows that modern species are descended from past species

200

Which scientist is most closely related to evolution?

Charles Darwin

300

True or False: Traits acquired by individuals over their lifetime passed down to their offspring, for example birds that exercise their wings by flying a lot will pass stronger wings down to their offspring.

False. Traits acquired later in life are not passed down through genetics. 

400

Some organisms have similar features even though they aren't closely related and do not have a common ancestor with those features. Describe a vocabulary term that explains these commonalities.

What are analogous features?

(They serve a similar function to other lifeforms, but come from a different ancestral path.)

500

What was the order that chordates evolved in throughout time?

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Natural Selection

100

Define directional selection and give an example

Directional selection is a type of natural selection in which individuals at one extreme of a population have higher fitness than those in the middle and other extreme of the population

(example: giraffe necks)

200

When organisms are more suited for their environment, and are able to survive and reproduce, they are considered this term.

What is fit?

300

True or False: A trait must be beneficial to be passed down to the next generation

False. Many traits evolve through random chance and are passed down, even if they are not positive

400

Natural selection and what other 4 processes/factors can lead to evolution

Natural Selection

Genetic Drift

Gene Flow

Mutations

Non random Mating

500

This is the type of natural selection that is most likely to lead to speciation

What is disruptive selection?

Speciation

100

This type of speciation happens due to a physical separation of populations

What is allopatric speciation?

200

Suppose there are three similar species of orchids that live in the same rain forest. They only bloom for one day and that is their only opportunity to be pollinated. This type of isolation is the most likely barrier to them reproducing.

Temporal isolation

300

What is the criteria for organisms that branched off from a common ancestor to be considered two different species officially

They can no longer produce viable offspring

400

Pre-zygotic isolation occurs when there is some factor that prevents species from mating with each other (examples could be size, location, or behaviors)

This type of isolation occurs when the offspring produced by two different species are not viable/fertile

Post-zygotic isolation

(ligers, mules etc.)

500

Suppose there was a population of flies living in an orchard that laid their eggs on the hawthorn trees, but some started to lay their eggs in the apple trees. Over time, these two groups of flies have become reproductively isolated and are on their way to becoming separate species. This is the type of speciation being described.

What is sympatric speciation?

(Blank)

100

This type of population is most likely to be effected by genetic drift

What are small populations?

200

This is caused by migration of individuals from one population to another

What is Gene Flow?

300

Darwin theorized that species vary and fill different roles in the environment. He stated that species vary over time, locally and...

What is globally?

400

These two of the five fingers of evolution are most likely involved in bacteria gaining resistance to antibiotics when heavily exposed to them

Mutation and Natural Selection

500

Artificial selection is similar to natural selection due to traits being passed down in a way that is not random. Name some differences between artificial and natural selection.

What is human involvement?