Evolution
Who created the theory of evolution?
Charles Darwin
The name for a trait that is passed down from an organisms parent or parents.
Inherited
What does the prefix 'pre' mean? What does this tell about the precambrian era?
Pre: before
Precambrian era: before the other eras, before most multicellular life forms
A trait that an organism has acquired to help it survive and thrive in its environment.
Adaptation
What are the islands where many evolutionary findings have been discovered?
Galapagos Islands
Fossils of the same species were found across continents that were once conjoined. This continent is called...
Pangea
How long ago did humans emerge on the Earth?
2 MYA (million years ago)
An adaptation that an organism has acquired relating to its behavior or actions.
Example: migration & hibernation
Behavioral
What does it mean if an organism is considered to be the 'fittest' or the most 'fit' in their environment?
They have the best traits and adaptations to help them thrive and survive.
Which of the following has the most recent ancestor with humans?
Human: Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Horse: Arg-Lys-His-Lys
Gorilla: Lys-Glu-His-Lys
Chimpanzee: Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Zebra: Arg-Lys-His-Arg
Chimpanzee
Identical DNA (molecular) sequence is shown here.
List the 4 eras in chronological order and provide the 'age of ______' for the 3 eras that have one.
Precambrian
Paleozoic; Age of Fish
Mesozoic; Age of Reptiles
Cenozoic; Age of Mammals
An adaptation that involves a physical feature(s) on an organisms body. Example: long necks on giraffes, sharp teeth to tear apart prey on sharks.
Structural Adaptation
The theory of natural selection states that the most fit organisms in an environment are the ones who will be able to...
1.
2.
1. Survive
&
2. Reproduce
The study of embryology has found that embryos who have common ancestors ______ __________ in their early stages.
looked similar
(or something along the same lines)
Put the following events in order chronologically (what happened first to last (most recent)).:
Use your knowledge of the eras! (bonus for any you can add the dates of)
1. Primates appeared
2. First multicellular life
3. First vertebrates
4. Fish with teeth appeared
1. First multicellular life 550 mya
2. Vertebrates 486 mya
3. Fish with teeth 400 mya
4. Primates 60 mya
An adaptation that involves internal processes that organisms do to help them survive. (Example: skunk spraying, humans regulating temperature)
Physiological Adaptation
What is evolution?
1. the process by which animals, plants, and other living organisms are transformed into different forms by the accumulation of changes over generations
2. organisms change (or evolve) over time
Define and give an example of EACH of the following:
1. Homologous Structure
2. Analogous Structures
3. Vestigial Structures
Define and give an example of EACH of the following:
1. Homologous Structure - structures that share a common ancestor but might have different functions (Bird and human, whale and human, dog and human)
2. Analogous Structures - structures that do NOT share a common ancestor but may have similar function (bird and bat wing)
3. Vestigial Structures - structures that no longer have a function but may have in our ancestors (tailbone, widsom teeth, appendix, goosebumps)
Define vertebrate and invertebrate:
Vertebrate: organism that has a backbone
Invertebrate: organism that does not have a backbone
Categorize the following adaptations into the three types of adaptations:
1. Nocturnal
2. Webbed Feet
3. Venom of a snake
4. Raccoon opening a trash can
5. Camel water conservation (kidneys help minimize water loss)
6. Large ears on a rabbit to hear
1. Behavioral
2. Structural
3. Physiological
4. Behavioral
5. Physiological
6. Structural