CYBER THREATS & ATTACKS
The 3 types of Cyber Attacks
What is Phishing, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), and DNS Spoofing?
A security tool that securely stores multiple complex passwords behind a single master password.
What is a Password Manager?
The first official stage in the 5-stage Data Science Process.
What is "Ask Questions"?
This term refers to the extent to which data values change or differ from one another across different contexts, times, or individuals.
What is Variability?
This essential element of a data graphic explains the specific meanings of symbols, shapes, or colors used.
What is a Key (or Legend)?
An attack where criminals overwhelm a server or website with massive traffic from multiple sources to render it inaccessible to users.
What is a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack?
This security feature adds a critical second layer of protection beyond just a standard password when signing into accounts.
What is Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)?
Information. It can be numbers, words, images, sounds, or any other kind of recorded observation.
What is Data?
3 sources of variability.
What is Natural Variation, Temporal Variation, Environmental Variation and Measurement Variation.
The survey design rule violated by the bad question: "Do you think AI is useful and easy to understand?"
What is "Ask One Thing Per Question"?
According to cybersecurity statistics, this factor is responsible for approximately 90% of all successful cyber hacks.
What is simple human error?
This memorable password creation method combines four or more random words along with numbers and symbols (e.g., purple-elephant-42-sunset!).
What is a Passphrase?
Communicating data analysis and insights using a combination of data, visuals, and narrative to guide decision-making is called this.
What is Data Storytelling?
A data point that is dramatically different from others in a dataset and should be investigated rather than immediately deleted.
What is an Outlier?
The survey design flaw present in the question: "Don't you agree that AI is amazing?"
What is a Leading Question?
The 5 common phishing red flags.
What is Urgent language ("Act now!"), requests for passwords or PII via email, misspelled email addresses or URLs, generic greetings ("Dear Customer"), links that don't match the displayed text?
The 5 most sensitive Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
What is Full Name, Social Security Number (SSN), Date of Birth, Driver's License Number, and Fingerprint?
How data is used in video games.
Developers track player behavior (deaths, time spent, levels completed) to design more engaging experiences
An example of measurement variation.
What is if you're tracking "time spent studying," you might round 47 minutes to "about 45 minutes" one day and "about 50 minutes" the next day.
4 Visualization mistakes to avoid.
What is Distorted scales, Too much decoration, Missing labels and Inconsistent symbols.
5 examples of how human errors can cause hacks.
What is Clicking suspicious links in emails, Opening infected email attachments, Falling for social engineering (manipulation tactics), Ignoring security warnings, Using weak or reused passwords, Leaving computers unlocked or unattended, and Not installing security updates.
The 6 characteristics of a strong password.
What is At least 12 characters long (ideally 16+), Uses a mix of character types, Avoids common patterns, Is unique, Isn't based on personal information and Is memorable (or recorded securely)?
List all five stages of the Data Science Process in correct sequential order.
What are 1. Ask Questions, 2. Gather & Organize Data, 3. Model, 4. Analyze & Synthesize, and 5. Communicate Results?
3 examples of Natural Variation.
People have different heights, sleep durations, and laughing frequencies.
The 5 principles of Survey Design.
What is Ask One Thing Per Question, Avoid Leading Questions, Be Specific and Clear, Provide Comprehensive Answer Options, and Use Appropriate Question Types.