Learning
What is Social-Learning Theory?
The theory that children learn social behavior through watching parents/adults
What is short-term memory?
activated memory that temporarily holds a few items before the information is stored or forgotten
Who proposed the Sexual response cycle?
Masters and Johnson
What is Drive-Reduction Theory
physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy that need
What is extrinsic motivation?
The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
Reinforcement increases the desire to do something, punishment decreases the desire.
What is Long-Term Memory?
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
What is the purpose of glucose?
Glucose is a sugar that circulates throughout the blood and carries energy to cells.
What is Optimum arousal theory
There is a point of arousal that is perfect for action and feeling comfortable. Too much causes stress, too little causes boredom.
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.
What is Thorndike's law of effect?
behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
What are flashbulb memories?
clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events
Explain Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow proposed a triangle of needs that humans need to achieve in order to reach self-actualization.
Cannon-Bard Theory
Emotion-arousing stimuli trigger body reactions.
What is sensory memory?
The first step in encoding memory, comes from registering a sense.
What is associative learning and what are the two types?
Associative Learning: learning that two events occur together
1) Classical conditioning
2) Operant conditioning
What amount of digits does short-term memory hold?
7 plus or minus 2
Explain Belonging vs. Ostracism when it comes to social motivation.
Humans have an biological and ancestral need for a partner. Have a want and need for belonging.
Humans also want to avoid being ostracized and alone.
Schachter-Singer theory
Experience of emotion depends on general arousal and cognitive label
What is memory retrieval?
Getting information out of memory storage when neeeded.
Explain the process of classical conditioning
1: Acquisition
2: Extinction
3: Spontaneous Recovery
Explain the three steps of memory
Encoding: get the information into the brain
Storage: Retain the information over time
Retrieval: Get the information out of memory storage, when it is relevant or necessary
What is Adverse Childhood Trauma?
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic experiences that occur in early childhood (0-17)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotions arise from awareness of stimuli.
What is learned helplessness
Learned helplessness is hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated unpleasant events