The Scientific Revolution
Who improved the telescope & challenged church doctrine on scientific research?
Galileo Galilei
Who fought for women's rights to education & having the same opportunities as men?
Mary Wollstonecraft
What are estates?
During the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three social classes known as estates.
Where did people move as a result of Industrialization?
Urban city centers (urbanization)
What year(s) was Miss Mason a freshman in high school?
2012 & 2013
Which scientist formulated laws of planetary motion, describing their elliptical orbits?
Johannes Kepler
John Locke said all people have natural rights that the government cannot infringe on. What are these rights? (3 of them)
Life, Liberty, & Property
Why did the French Revolution start? Name 1 of 3 possible reasons.
Lack of food (especially for peasants & Third Estate)
Unfair taxation of the Third Estate
Third Estate was influenced by Enlightenment ideas (equality & liberty for everyone)
What does Industrialization mean?
The shift from making goods by hand to making goods with machines
What year did the Industrial Revolution begin?
1760
Who discovered the Heliocentric Model? What does the Heliocentric model say is at the center of the solar system?
Copernicus; the sun
Who created the idea of separation of powers? What does "separation of powers" mean?
Montesquieu; the 3 branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) all have the same amount of power; check and balance each other
Who were the King and Queen of France during the French Revolution? What happened to them?
King Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette; they were executed (heads cut off)
There were improvements in 2 types of transportation during the Industrial Revolution. What were they?
Road transportation & water transportation
What year did the French Revolution begin?
1789
What did Tycho Brahe do?
He improved astronomical observations by collecting planetary data for over 20 years
Voltaire fought for 2 major governmental changes. What are they?
1. Freedom of Speech
2. Separation of Church & State
Who was the Third Estate? What did they rename themselves during the French Revolution?
Third Estate: The lower and middle classes
Renamed themselves The National Assembly in order to pass laws and reforms that started a representative government during the French Revolution
Where & when did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England; mid 1700s
What year did the Enlightenment begin?
1685
Many Scientific Revolution scientists discovered the subjects we study today. Who discovered (unified) physics? Who discovered analytical geometry by combining algebra & geometry? (two different people)
Physics= Isaac Newton
Analytical Geometry= Rene Descartes
What philosopher believed in the ultimate authority resting with the people aka the people decide how the government is run? What is this theory known as?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau; popular sovereignty
Napoleon Bonaparte was a _____ who became a dictator by causing a Coup d'Etate. What is a Coup d'Etate.
General; Sudden seizure of power.
What were the 2 key inventions of the Industrial Revolution?
The steam engine & railroads
What year did the Scientific Revolution begin?
1543