DNA Structure
DNA Discovery
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
What are the pairing rules (which letters go together) in DNA?
A-T and C-G
100
True or false: we have learned everything about DNA.
False. There is much more to learn.
100
When does DNA replication occur?
Before cell division.
100
What is the purpose of protein synthesis?
To make proteins
100
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA.
200
What are the monomers of DNA?
Nucleotides
200
We learned about DNA discovery. From this example, explain something you can learn about how scientists discover new things.
Scientists build on the work of the people who came before them. 
200
What two enzymes are used in DNA replication, and what does each one do?
Helicase divides the DNA and DNA polymerase builds a new molecule by adding nucleotides.
200
What is the name of this process? 
Transcription
200
Correct this sentence: Mutations start with a mistake in the amino acid.
Mutations start with a mistake in the DNA. 
300
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
300
Complete the complementary DNA strand for this DNA:
TAC. AGG. GAC. CCC. TTT. TAT. CTA. GAC.
AUG. TCC. CTG. GGG. AAA. ATA. GAT. CTG.
300
Why do we say DNA replication is semi-conservative?
Each new strand is half old and half new.
300
What is the name of this process?
Translation
300
What is the main cause of mutations?
Mistakes in replication
400
This bond connects nitrogen bases in DNA.
Hydrogen bond.
400
Tell at least THREE people who helped discover DNA and what they each contributed.
Watson and Crick discovered the DOUBLE HELIX. Rosalind Franklin took the X-Ray photo.
400
How do the new DNA strands compare to the original?
The new strands are identical to the original strand.
400
Describe TRANSCRIPTION in your own words.
DNA polymerase unzips the DNA and adds nucleotides to make mRNA.
400
Give an example of a deleterious mutation.
Cystic fibrosis or sickle-cell anemia
500
This bond connects sugar and phosphate bases.
Covalent bond.
500
Tell two important applications of the Human Genome Project.
Easier to test for genetic diseases, helped us understand the role of human genes, made forensics easier, helped us understand human evolutionary relationships, made it easier to sequence genomes of other organisms
500
Why is DNA replication important?
So that each new cell has ALL of the genetic information.
500
Describe TRANSLATION in your own words.
Three nitrogen bases (codon) on the mRNA match to three bases (anticodon) on tRNA. The tRNA carries an amino acid that matches for each codon. The amino acids join to make a protein.
500
Why can a mutation be beneficial to a population?
It can increase DIVERSITY so some organisms can survive in different circumstances.