Natural Selection
What is one of the 4 principles of Natural Selection?
Overproduction of offspring, variation, adaptation, descent with modification
Organisms that live in similar environments, such as the sky (flying), often have similar adaptations. This is often due to?
A. convergent evolution.
B. coevolution.
C. gradualism.
D. sexual selection.
A. convergent evolution
Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
A. Horses becoming taller and faster over millions of years.
B. All species of tortoises in the Galapagos islands descending from a common ancestor.
C. Human brains becoming larger over time.
D. A caterpillar going through a change into a butterfly.
D. A caterpillar going through a change into a butterfly.
Carol Linnaeus, the Father of Modern Taxonomy, came up with a 2-name naming system. What is that system called?
Binomial Nomenclature
What is Natural Selection?
Organisms more fit for their environments will survive and reproduce more offspring.
Which pattern of evolution results in slow, constant changes over a long period of time?
Gradualism
What is morphology?
Study of the form of living things
What are the levels of biological classification starting from broadest to most specific, starting with Domain?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
What is an adaptation?
A trait that helps an organism survive in its environment.
The Po‘ouli is a stocky Hawaiian honeycreeper discovered on Maui in 1973. Threats are unknown. However, po‘ouli is likely susceptible to the same factors that threaten other native Hawaiian forest birds, including habitat loss and degradation, predation by introduced mammals, and introduced disease. Last seen in 2004. What pattern of evolution is this and why?
Extinction because the last was seen in 2004.
What is an example of a vestigial structure that humans have?
Appendix
It is believed that all organisms share what?
A common ancestor
A population of bacteria is treated with hand sanitizer. Because of genetic variation in the population, what is a possible outcome?
Some may be resistant and survive.
Different species of these birds live on different islands in the Galapagos. The finches are isolated from one another by the ocean. Over millions of years, each species of finch developed a unique beak that is especially adapted to the kinds of food it eats. Because they are isolated, the birds don’t breed with one another and have therefore developed into unique species with unique characteristics. What pattern of evolution is this?
Speciation
The pectoral fins of sharks, dolphins, and penguins are classic examples of analog type of structure. While they all serve the same function—steering and movement in water—they evolved independently, with sharks using cartilage and penguins/dolphins using bones, proving they do not share a recent common ancestor. What kind of structure is it?
Analogous structure
What is one thing we can learn from a phylogenetic tree?
-Which groups are most closely related
- Which groups are least closely related
- Which groups diverged first (longest ago)
What are the two types of evolution?
-Macroevolution
-Microevolution
In the depths of the oceans and the riverbanks of Africa, whales and hippopotamuses emerge as fascinating examples of a type of evolution. Each species has diverged from a common ancestor and gradually adapted to different environments and ecological niches. This is an example of what?
Divergent Evolution
What is embryology?
The study of embryo development
What does each node represents on a phylogenetic tree?
A more recent common ancestor