Unification & Nationalism
This statesman used "blood and iron" to unify the German states into a single nation.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This ideology advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy and individual liberties.
What is Classical Liberalism?
This term describes the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.
What is Imperialism?
This movement championed intuition, emotion, and the beauty of the natural world, often as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution.
Romanticism
This devastating plant disease caused mass starvation in Ireland in the mid-1840s, leading to massive emigration.
What is the Potato Famine?
This movement, known as the "Risorgimento," aimed for the unification of the Italian states.
What is the Italian unification movement?
This belief system emphasizes traditional institutions, such as monarchy and religion, to maintain social order.
What is Conservatism?
This word, from the French for "rebirth," was used by 19th-century historians to describe the period of cultural resurgence following the Middle Ages.
What is the Renaissance?
Charles Dickens’ novels, like Oliver Twist, depict the harsh conditions of life for the working class in Victorian England, typical of this literary style.
Realism
The Industrial Revolution led to harsh working conditions, including long hours and this social issue involving children.
child labor
He was the "sword" of Italian unification, leading the "Red Shirts" in the conquest of southern Italy.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
Based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this ideology calls for a classless society and common ownership of the means of production.
What is Communism (or Marxism)?
This concept, popularized by Marx, refers to the working class who must sell their labor to survive.
What is the Proletariat?
This artist is considered a master of French Romanticism, famous for paintings like Liberty Leading the People.
Who is Eugène Delacroix?
This king of Belgium brutally ruled the Congo Free State as his personal colony, leading to widespread atrocities against the native population.
Who is King Leopold II?
This multi-ethnic empire struggled with nationalist movements, ultimately breaking apart after WWI
What is the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
Emerging from the Enlightenment, this ideology emphasizes national self-determination and the importance of national identity.
What is Nationalism?
In Marxism, this term refers to the capital-owning class that holds the means of production and controls the state.
What is the Bourgeoisie?
This German author's most famous work is the epic poem Faust, which explores the dangers of the relentless pursuit of knowledge.
Who is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe?
The Opium Wars were fought between Britain and this country, which was forced to cede Hong Kong and open its ports to trade.
China
This war, fought in 1870-1871, completed German unification and led to the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine.
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
He is considered the father of "scientific socialism" and authored The Communist Manifesto.
Karl Marx
This German concept of Volksgeist represents the unique "spirit of the people" that drives a nation's history.
What is the National Spirit?
This artistic movement, arising in the late 19th century, sought to capture a fleeting, sensory experience of a moment rather than a precise depiction.
hat is Impressionism?
This wave of anti-Jewish violence, or pograms, swept through the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Anti Semitism