Biology 1
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully? (a.k.a survival of the fittest)
What is Natural Selection
A group of organisms of the same species that reside in a given area
What is Population
The combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
What is a Gene Pool
The naturalist who proposed "descent with modification"
Who is Charles Darwin
The principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
What are Homozygous Structures
Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
What are Analogous Structures
Remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
What is a Vestigial Structure
The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
What is Convergent Evolution
The genotypic and phenotypic differences between individuals in a population
What is Genetic Variation
Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
What is the Founder Effect
Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
What is the Bottleneck Effect
Form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
What is Gene Flow
The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events
What is Genetic Drift
Occurs when two populations become reproductively isolated from one another
What is Speciation
Classification of organisms and determining their evolutionary relationship
What is Phylogeny
Its purpose is to reconstruct evolutionary trees
What is a Cladogram
Prevents mating or hinders fertilization
What is a Prezygotic Barrier
This grouping includes most recent common ancestor of the group and all of its descendants
What is a Monophyletic Group
This group does not include the most common ancestor and all members of the group
What is a Polythetic Group
A derived character shared by clade members
What is a Synapomorphy
The principle to use if there are conflicts among characters in a cladogram
What is Parsimony
These five things make Hardy-Weinberg possible
No mutation, random mating, no gene flow, very large population size, no natural selection
The difference between genotypic frequencies and allele frequencies
Genotypic frequencies refer to how alleles combine where as Allele frequencies refer to an allele's relative distribution in the population or how common it is
These can result from a mutation
Genetic variation, formation of new alleles, natural selection on varied phenotypes