Natural Selection
How organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more.
This is a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
This term refers to the formation of a new species.
What is speciation?
These preserved remains or traces of organisms provide direct evidence of past life and evolutionary change.
What are fossils?
This type of variation must exist in a population for natural selection to occur.
What is genetic variation?
In a phylogenetic tree, the point where two lineages split is called this.
What is a node?
Physical barrier divide population or a small population is separated from main population
What is allopatric speciation?
Structures like the human arm, bat wing, and whale flipper are examples of these, showing descent from a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
This type of natural selection favors individuals at one extreme of a phenotypic range.
What is directional selection?
This term refers to a group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.
What is a monophyletic group (or clade)?
A new species evolves while still inhabiting the same geographic region as the ancestral species.
What is sympatric speciation?
Similar structures, similar function (similar environments) but not common ancestry
What is Analogous structures?
These structures are remnants of features that served a function in an organism’s ancestors and provide evidence for evolution.
What are vestigial structures?
A trait that is shared by all members of a clade and originated in their common ancestor is called this.
What is a shared derived trait?
Habitat Isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, and gametic isolation are all examples of
What is Prezygotic barriers
Similar adaptations that have evolved in distantly related organisms due to similar environments
What is Convergent Evolution?
If a population is evolving, one or more of these five Hardy-Weinberg conditions must be violated. Name three of them.
What are (any three): no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow?
Use the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions (DNA changes)
Reduced hybrid viability, fertility, and hybrid breakdown are all examples of
What is postzygotic barriers?
Found at a certain geographic location and nowhere else
What is Endemic Species?