CIVIL LIBERTIES & RIGHTS
This 1st Amendment freedom — often tested in courts — protects citizens from government punishment for expressing unpopular opinions.
What is freedom of speech?
This amendment guarantees the process of selective incorporation.
What is the 14th Amendment?
An earlier court ruling regarded as an example or guide to be considered in future similar cases.
What is precedent?
A person born within the United States is automatically granted this.
What is U.S. citizenship?
This occurs when one group is KEPT SEPARATE from another group.
What is segregation?
This term describes the rights of citizens to be free from undue government interference in their lives.
What are civil liberties?
This constitutional idea prevents a governmental body from treating an individual differently than others in similar circumstances.
What is equal protection?
This landmark piece of legislation from 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin in the workplace, schools, and voting.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
These are the FOUR paths to U.S. citizenship.
What are birth, acquisition, derivation, and naturalization?
This occurs when one group is TREATED DIFFERENTLY from another group.
What is discrimination?
This term describes the rights of citizens to be free from unequal or discriminatory treatment based on race or gender.
What are civil rights?
This part of due process protects citizens from having their home searched without a warrant.
What is protection from unreasonable searches and seizures?
Texas v. Johnson (1989) established that burning this object is protected symbolic speech under the 1st Amendment.
What is the American flag?
Following laws, paying taxes, and serving on a jury are examples of these kinds of civic responsibilities.
What are mandatory civic responsibilities?
African Americans, women, people with disabilities, and other discriminated groups have all had to fight to increase this in the United States.
What is equality?
Civil liberties protect individuals FROM the government, while civil rights protect individuals FROM this.
What is discrimination (by others or unequal treatment)?
This due process right ensures that when you are arrested, you are not forced to speak against yourself during police questioning.
What is the right to remain silent?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the doctrine that allowed racial segregation to exist legally for nearly 60 years under this infamous phrase.
What is 'separate but equal'?
Voting, staying informed, and community service are examples of these kinds of civic responsibilities.
What are voluntary civic responsibilities?
These are the THREE main steps required for civic action.
What are inform, act, and maintain?
The right to vote regardless of race, the right to work regardless of gender, and eating in a restaurant regardless of race are all examples of these.
What are civil rights?
This process effectively inserts parts of the Bill of Rights into state laws and constitutions.
What is selective incorporation?
Schenck v. United States (1919) limited free speech during wartime using this famous legal test, comparing dangerous speech to falsely yelling fire in a crowded theater.
What is the 'clear and present danger' test?
This path to citizenship applies to a child born ABROAD to at least one U.S. citizen parent, granting them citizenship automatically at birth.
What is acquisition?
Protests, boycotts, voting, and community organizing are all examples of this — things citizens do to bring about social and political change.
What is civic action?