Pump up the Jam
This node normally initiates the electrical impulse that causes the atria to contract.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
This occurs when the myocardium’s oxygen demand temporarily exceeds supply without permanent tissue death.
What is angina pectoris?
This medication decreases platelet aggregation and helps prevent existing clots from enlarging.
What is aspirin?
Adult chest compressions should be delivered at this rate.
What is 100-120 BPM?
A patient is unresponsive with agonal respirations. The EMT cannot definitely feel a carotid pulse within 10 seconds. The partner says, “I think I felt something—check again.” What should the EMT do next?
What is immediately begin CPR and apply the AED?
This structure briefly delays the electrical impulse so the ventricles have time to fill.
What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?
This term describes an inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.
What is myocardial ischemia?
This is the aspirin dose range for suspected ACS.
What is 81–324 mg of chewable aspirin?
Give the recommended adult compression depth, including the upper limit.
What is at least 2 inches (5 cm), but no more than about 2.4 inches (6 cm)?
A child has a pulse of 50/min with pale skin, altered mental status, and weak peripheral pulses. The airway is open, and effective BVM ventilations with oxygen have not improved the heart rate. What should the EMT do next?
What is begin chest compressions using a 15:2 ratio with two rescuers?
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to generate an electrical impulse without stimulation from a nerve is called this.
What is automaticity?
Chest pressure during exercise consistently resolves with rest or prescribed nitroglycerin. Identify the condition.
What is stable angina?
This vasodilator may relieve ischemic chest discomfort and reduce cardiac workload.
What is nitroglycerin?
Two rescuers performing CPR on an infant or child use this compression-to-ventilation ratio.
What is 15:2?
A patient is removed from a swimming pool in cardiac arrest. The chest is wet, and the AED is ready while the partner provides CPR. Which action should occur next?
What is quickly dry the chest, apply the AED pads, and continue resuscitation with particular attention to effective ventilation?
This value equals heart rate multiplied by the amount of blood ejected during each contraction.
What is cardiac output?
Chest pressure begins at rest, is worse than previous episodes, and is not relieved by nitroglycerin. Identify the condition.
What is acute coronary syndrome, including unstable angina or myocardial infarction?
A patient with chest discomfort has a BP of 88/54 and requests prescribed nitroglycerin. Make the medication decision.
What is withhold nitroglycerin because of hypotension?
A child’s chest should be compressed approximately this fraction of its anterior-posterior diameter.
What is 1/3?
A patient with severe chest trauma is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. The patient also has uncontrolled bleeding from a partially amputated leg. An AED is available. What should the crew do?
What is immediately controls the hemorrhage with a tourniquet while another rescuer begins CPR and apply the AED?
Bonus: Check your protocols/ CPR algorithm when do we work a trauma arrest and when do we not?
Place these in conduction order: Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and bundle branches.
What are SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers?
An older patient with diabetes reports weakness, nausea, dyspnea, and unusual fatigue but no chest pain. Identify the likely cardiac condition.
What is an atypical or silent myocardial infarction?
A patient took sildenafil 10 hours ago and now has suspected cardiac chest pain. Explain why nitroglycerin is contraindicated.
What is the combination can cause profound hypotension?
Excessive ventilation raises intrathoracic pressure and reduces this return of blood to the heart.
What is venous return?
An unresponsive patient is pulseless and apneic. A valid DNR is found after CPR has begun, but the patient’s family demands that the crew continue resuscitation. What should the EMT do?
What is follow the valid DNR and local protocol, discontinue resuscitation when authorized, provide support to the family, and contact medical control if clarification is needed?