Memory
Provide an example of a flashbulb memory
Vivid (detailed) memory of an emotionally significant event due to release of stress hormones (i.e. 9-11, car accident, etc)
How are the processes of memory similar to a computer?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Provide an example of proactive forgetting and retroactive forgetting.
Pro- old memories get in the way of new memories Retro- new memories get in the way of old memories............................................................................................................ P.O.R.N.
A multiple choice question requires the test taker to use ___________ thinking. An essay prompt that asks the writer to explore a creative possibility to an open ended idea uses __________ thinking.
Convergent, Divergent
What is syntax?
How a language orders words in a sentences, a category of grammar.
Provide an example of something you would EFFORTFULLY ENCODE and something you would AUTOMATICALLY ENCODE
Effortful- studying for test
Automatic- how many times you saw Dr. Holder today (space, time, frequency)
When Sarah was 5 years old, she witnessed a horrible car accident. As an adult, Sarah sometimes experiences anxiety about driving but does not have a conscious memory of the event she witnessed, causing this reaction. This type of memory failure or forgetting is called what?
Motivated Forgetting-Repression
Where, in the brain, are new explicit memories formed?
Hippocampus
What is the difference between fixation and functional fixedness?
Fixation: Stuck thinking
Mental Set: Inability to see a problem from a new perspective due to a mental box of how a problem had been solved previously.
What are the three stages of language development?
1. Babbling stage (uttering of sounds) 2. One-word stage (produce one word expressions) 3. Two-word stage (two word expressions, telegraphic langauge)
Place the following terms in the correct order in which they occur; long-term memory, working memory, sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory
1. Sensory memory 2. Short-term memory/ working memory 3. Long-term memory (4.) Working memory
Patrick is in a debate with his friends about political policy. In one of his arguments, he uses a statistic. When asked where you learned this statistic, he genuinely cannot recall. What is this an example of?
Source Amnesia
Explain the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Retrograde:
Anterograde:
What is chunking? Provide a real world example.
Phone numbers (###-###-####)
How many phonemes are in the words "Mill Valley?"(total)
How many morphemes are in the words "Mill Valley?" (total)
Phonemes= 7
Morphemes= 2 (Mill and Valley)
Lars was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter in his history book. Lars is likely to recall best the contents of the chapter when he is feeling ____________. This is because of _______ ___________ ___________.
Depressed, Mood Congruent Memory
What are the two parts of the brain most involved in the creation of implicit memories. Provide and example of an implicit memory.
Cerebellum, basal ganglia
Procedural memory, classical conditioning, etc
Learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates...
retroactive interference
Provide a real-world example of a situation in which INSIGHT might occur as a type of problem-solving.
Dr. Roger believes that if a person does not have the language for a wide array of subtly different shades of color, that person may also likely have a limited ability to understand subtle differences in emotions. This belief would fit into which language/thinking theory?
Whorf's Lingustic Determinism
Explain Long-Term Potentiation.
The neurological basis for memory. The more you remember something, the faster and more likely the neural network for that memory will fire.
Police interrogators have been instructed and trained to ask less suggestive questions and use more constructive questions due to which term? The _______________
The misinformation effect
Explain recency effect and primacy effect.
Primacy- You remember things at the BEGINNING of a list of information.
Recency- You remember things and the END of the list of information.
Explain some of the hurdles to "good" problem solving. Reference a minimum of two specific terms.
Heuristics (availability heuristic, representative heuristics), belief perseverance, confirmation bias
Summarize the beliefs held by Chomsky's Inborn Universal Language theories of language development.
Chomsky Inborn Universal Lang.- lang. comes pre-wired in the human brain, all languages developed in similar patterns- starts with noun