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100
Shortly after you see a missing-child poster you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of: A. Priming B. Chunking C. Source amnesia D. Retroactive interference E. State-dependent memory
A. Priming
100
The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as A. Chunking B. The serial position effect C. Automatic processing D. Long-term potentiation E. Proactive interference
D
100
By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ___ memory. A. Echoic B. Flashbulb C. State-dependent D. Iconic E. Implicit
D. Iconic
100
The day after Kirsten was introduced to 14 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the impact of A. Automatic processing B. Parallel processing C. Rehearsal D. Flashbulb memory E. The serial position effect
E. The serial position effect
100
People with opposing views of capital punishment reviewed mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness as a crime deterrent. As a result, their opposing views of differed more strongly than ever. This best illustrates: A. The framing effect B. Fixation C. The representativeness heuristic D. Belief perseverance E. The availability heuristic
D. Belief perseverance
200
As we retrieve memories from our memory bank, we often alter them based on past experiences and our current expectations. This best illustrates A. Implicit memory B. Proactive interference C. The spacing effect D. Memory construction E. Serial position effect
D. Memory construction
200
Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by: A. Retrieval cues B. The serial position effect C. Source amnesia D. The body’s release of stress hormones E. Long-term potentiation
D. The body’s release of stress hormones
200
Explicit memory is to ___ as implicit memory is to ___. A. Epinephrine; serotonin B. Skill memory; fact memory C. Automatic processing; effortful processing D. Long-term memory; short-term memory E. Hippocampus; cerebellum
E. Hippocampus; cerebellum
200
Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates A. Repression B. Retroactive interference C. The misinformation effect D. Proactive interference E. Mood-congruent memory
E. Mood-congruent memory
200
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called: A. State-dependent memory B. Retroactive interference C. The serial position effect D. The spacing effect E. Proactive interference
E. Proactive interference
300
The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve A. The id B. Repression C. Implicit memory loss D. Interference E. Long-term potentiation
D. Interference
300
Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of A. Iconic memory B. Semantic encoding C. Long-term potentiation D. Automatic processing E. The “peg-word” system
B. Semantic encoding
300
An understanding of the distinction between implicit and explicit memories is most helpful for explaining A. The serial position effect B. The spacing effect C. Repression D. State-dependent memory E. Infantile amnesia
E. Infantile amnesia
300
Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that A. Our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited B. Iconic memory fades more rapidly than echoic memory C. What is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved while in the same mood D. The most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it was learned. E. Syllables that were meaningful to the participants were recalled best.
D. The most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it was learned.
300
Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad’s key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of A. Belief perseverance B. An algorithm C. The representativeness heuristic D. The availability heuristic E. Fixation
B. An algorithm
400
In elementary school and high school, Charlie got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college has test proctors who are very observant, Charlie spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Charlie’s strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of: A. Concepts B. A mental set C. Confirmation bias D. The availability heuristic E. The framing effect
B. A mental set
400
How many morphemes are in the word “bats”? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4
C. 2
400
Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of A. Confirmation bias B. The framing effect C. The representativeness heuristic D. The belief perseverance phenomenon E. The availability heuristic
C. The representativeness heuristic
400
On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80% chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl’s behavior illustrates the impact of A. Confirmation bias B. The belief perseverance phenomenon C. Overconfidence D. The representativeness heuristic E. The framing effect
E. The framing effect
400
A televised image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr. White’s perception of the extensiveness of world hunger than did a statistical chart summarizing the tremendous scope of the problem. This suggests that Mr. White’s assessment of the world hunger problem is influenced by: A. The belief perseverance phenomenon B. The representativeness heuristic C. Confirmation bias D. Fixations E. The availability heuristic
E. The availability heuristic
500
Three-year old Lucy said, “Mommy goed to the store.” Lucy’s mistake best demonstrates that: A. Telegraphic speech may not necessarily be grammatically correct. B. Children learn language through trial and error C. Learning theory does not adequately explain language acquisition D. Linguistic determinism impacts how language is acquired E. Young children think primarily in images
C. Learning theory does not adequately explain language acquisition
500
After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, 8-month-old infants could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ____ in language development. A. Reinforcement B. Babbling C. Statistical learning D. Imitation E. Syntax
C. Statistical learning
500
When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word “arms” referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista’s correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of A. Semantics B. The representativeness heuristic C. Syntax D. Morphemes E. Prototypes
A. Semantics
500
Which of the following was cited by Whorf as evidence in support of the linguistic determinism hypothesis? A. The generic pronoun “he” is just as likely to trigger images of women as of men. B. People with no words for colors can still perceive color differences C. The Hopi people cannot readily think about the past because their language has no past tense for verbs. D. Children born deaf learn to use signs and gestures to communicate within the Deaf community. E. Adjectives typically follow a noun but come before a verb in most languages.
C. The Hopi people cannot readily think about the past because their language has no past tense for verbs.
500
Telegraphic speech is A. Evident even before babbling occurs B. Considered a form of receptive language C. The smallest unit of language that carries meaning D. A system of language rules for combining morphemes E. A meaningful two-word utterance
E. A meaningful two-word utterance