Replication
What is the product of DNA replication?
A new strand of DNA
Describe the process of transcription? it goes from _____ to ______.
It transcribes RNA from DNA
RNA (mRNA) is translated into amino acids which then is combined to form proteins
What is the name of the sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA?
The base Uracil, DNA is double stranded and there are different sugars involved
How do the bases pair up during DNA replication?
A-T
C-G
Where does transcription occur? Why does it occur there?
It occurs in the nucleus because it is using DNA and DNA cannot leave the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What are the two jobs of DNA polymerase?
To bind the strands together of the new and template strand as well as to check the base pairs.
What macromolecule are DNA and RNA? What is the monomer of that macromolecule?
Nucleic acids and nucleotides
Why is it important that DNA replication takes place?
To generate more DNA to create more cells
What is produced or made during transcription? and what type is it?
RNA and its mRNA
what are the bonds called that bind amino acids together and what is the end product called?
peptide bonds; polypeptide chain
What are the two jobs of RNA polymerase?
To bind DNA and RNA together as well as to check the base pairs.
What are nucleotides made out of (3 parts)?
Nitrogen, Sugar (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) and phosphate
Where does DNA replication occur?
Nucleus
What enzymes are used in transcription and what are their jobs?
AUG - MET (methionine)
Sections of DNA are called _________ these sections code for ___________ which code for ___________
1. Genes
2. Amino acids
3. Proteins
What are codons and anticodons? Which do we code amino acids with?
codons are three nucleotides that code for amino acids. We specifically use mRNA to code for amino acids.
What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
Helicase and DNA polymerase
What bonds are being broken at the beginning of transcription? Why is it important that it is those bonds and not another type of bond?
Hydrogen; because they are weak and we need to be able to break the bonds easily so that DNA replication and transcription can happen easy.
What are the types of RNA used during translation and what are each of their jobs?
mRNA- holds the code for amino acids
tRNA- brings the amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled
rRNA- the site in which translation occurs
What is the monomer of a protein called? What do they make all together?
Amino acids and polypeptide chains
Describe the relationship between a nucleotide and an amino acid
a nucleotide is the monomer of a nucleic acid which is dna and dna codes for the rna that then is transformed into certain amino acids that become proteins.