Macromolecules
These are the monomers of nucleic acids.
nucleotides
This is the purpose of DNA replication.
To create another copy of a cell's DNA.
This is the enzyme that does Transcription.
RNA Polymerase
This is what a mutation is.
An error in the DNA sequence.
This large-scale, international undertaking took 13 years to sequence the entire human genome.
Human Genome Project
These are the monomers of proteins.
amino acids
As the DNA molecule is being "unzipped", it is the job DNA Polymerase to put these monomers together to form the newly-made DNA strands.
nucleotides
This is the organelle responsible for constructing proteins during Translation.
ribosome
What kind of mutation is shown below? Explain the change in the sequence using the abbreviations on your codon chart. (Ex. Leu --> Pro) (Use your codon chart)
Correct Sequence : A U G U C C A U A G C G U A A
Mutated Sequence: A U G U C C A U A G C A U A A
Silent Mutation (Ala --> Ala)
gene
The monomers of nucleotides are comprised of three parts: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and this.
Helicase, nicknamed in our class as "The Zipper", "unzips" the DNA by breaking these kind of bonds that hold the middle of the molecule together.
hydrogen bonds
At the end of the transcription, this molecule leaves the nucleus in order to start the process of translation.
messenger RNA (mRNA)
What kind of mutation is shown below? Explain the change in the sequence using the abbreviations (or full names) on your codon chart. (Ex. Leu --> Pro) (Use your codon chart)
Original Sequence: A U G G G G C A A U G G U U C U A G
Mutated Sequence: A U G G G G C A A U G A U U C U A G
Nonsense Mutation (Trp --> TER/STOP)
The outside portions of the DNA molecule, comprised of phosphate groups and pentose sugars, are known as these.
sugar-phosphate backbones
These are the kinds of bonds that hold the outside of our DNA molecules together.
covalent bonds
The process of DNA replication occurs in this phase of the cell cycle.
S (synthesis) Phase
The genetic sequence on the mRNA strand is read in groups of three. Otherwise known as these.
codons
What kind of mutation is shown below? Explain the change in the sequence using the abbreviations on your codon chart. (Ex. Leu --> Pro) (Use your codon chart)
Original Sequence: A U G A C C A U U C G A C A A C C C C G A U A A
Mutated Sequence: A U G A C C A U U C G A C A A A C C C G A U A A
This is the name of the three complementary bases on the tRNA molecule. We don't use a chart for these.
anticodons
Before they fold themselves into their final, 3-dimensional shape, the monomers of proteins are bonded together to form this.
polypeptide chain
At the end of DNA replication, you are left with two copies of DNA that are genetically identical and this, which means they are comprised of one newly-made strand along with one of the original strands of DNA.
semiconservative
These molecules are responsible for bringing the monomers of proteins to the site of translation to form the polypeptide chain.
transfer RNA (tRNA)
What kind(s) of mutation is shown below? Explain the change in the sequence using the abbreviations on your codon chart. (Ex. Leu --> Pro) (Use your codon chart)
Original Sequence: A U G U C C U A U G C G A A C A G G G A C U G A
Mutated Sequence: A U G U C C U A G C G A A C A G G G A C U G A
Frameshift (Deletion) / Nonsense (Tyr --> TER/STOP)
Rosalind Franklin