Evolution 1
The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
What is evolution?
_____ are traces of an organism that lived in the past?
What are fossils?
Genetic variation is stored in a population’s _________
What is gene pool?
New allele combinations are formed in offspring as a result of ________.
What is recombination?
A mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations show differential reproductive success.
What is natural selection?
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group in which it belongs.
What is variation?
_______ is the movement of alleles (genes) from one population to another.
What is gene flow?
The change in allele frequency due to chance is known as __________.
What is genetic drift?
The rise of two or more species from one existing species is called _______.
What is speciation?
_______ is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world.
What is biogeography?
Darwin proposed _______________ selection as a mechanism for evolution.
What is natural?
______ is referred to when describing the similarities between the embryos of organisms.
What is developmental similarities?
_______ are features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions.
What are homologous structures?
_______ are structures that perform similar functions but are not similar in origin.
What are analogous structures?
______ is genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population.
What is the bottleneck effect?
A feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is adaptation?
What is Sexual Selection?
A random change in the DNA of an organism is known as _________.
What is a mutation?
What result does genetic drift have on a population?
What is loss of genetic variation?
______ is genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area.
What is founder effect?
The Mexican long-nosed bat roosts in Big Bend National Park in West Texas. The bat feeds on nectar and pollen and hovers while it feeds. Additionally, its tongue can extend up to eight centimeters. The features of Mexican long-nosed bats are evidence of natural selection because the features are adaptations that —
A. lead to an increase in predation by other species of animals
B. show that most DNA mutations are necessary and advantageous but do not increase survival or reproductive success
C. help individuals outcompete other individuals for food resources to increase survival and reproductive success
D. are the result of intentional breeding
C. help individuals outcompete other individuals for food resources to increase survival and reproductive success
When multiple transitional fossils are found in many rock layers, they provide evidence of —
A. seasonal variation in the diet of a species
B. gradual change of a species over time
C. DNA functioning as the genetic material of organisms
D. an unchanging environment
B. gradual change of a species over time
During early stages of development, dolphin embryos begin to develop hind limbs. By the time the dolphin fetuses are fully developed, the hind limbs have disappeared. Which statement best explains the early development and then disappearance of hind limbs in dolphins?
A. Dolphin fetuses change their development to adapt to an aquatic environment.
B. The genes that control the development of hind limbs are destroyed as the fetus develops.
C. The early ancestors of dolphins had hind limbs.
D. Dolphins are evolving to become terrestrial animals.
C. The early ancestors of dolphins had hind limbs.
Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?
A. Being able to escape from predators
B. Being among the strongest organisms in a population
C. Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage
D. Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring
D. Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring
Which condition is essential for natural selection to result in a new species?
A. Unlimited resources
B. An inherited variation
C. A static environment
D. A long life span
B. An inherited variation