Evolution Conditions
Migration between populations is referred to as . . .
Gene flow
Name an example of a vestigial structure
wisdom teeth, tail bone, whale pelvis, etc.
Regarding the sickle-cell mutation, what kind of individuals have the most fitness? Those without the mutation at all, carriers who do not express the disease, or those with the disease?
carriers who do not express the disease
Bonus - what disease does having one copy of the mutation help these individuals fight?
Explain how comparative embryology can be used with members of the Chordates?
embryos that look similar point toward a common ancestor for all members of the Chordates.
Random chance events that cause allele frequencies to change in a population are referred to as . . .
genetic drift
Name an example of sympatric speciation
anything that describes two organisms NOT geographically isolated but still diverging into different species due to preference
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
Microevolution - occurs over relatively short periods of time and below the species level
Macroevolution - takes a very long time and occurs above the species level
The simplest animals on earth are . . .
What is the difference between a bottleneck event and the founder effect
bottleneck - population suddenly gets smaller due to some sort of catastrophic event
founders - small portion of the population forms a brand new population
Name an example of coevolution
predator and prey
insects and plants
etc.
Identify 2 arguments for endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have
- circular DNA, small ribosomes, double membrane, and reproduce through binary fission,
What structure allowed invertebrates to move from water to land?
Exoskeleton
Bonus: what were the first invertebrates to move from water to land because of this structure?
If the frequency of the recessive allele in a population is 0.2, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals in that population?
0.64
Camels using land bridges to migrate away from North America, and then evolving independently as a result of their different environment is an example of what?
biogeography
Draw the charts for disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection
draw charts on the board
What were the first vertebrates to move from water to land?
amphibians
List the five conditions that need to be met for a population to be in hardy-weinberg equilibrium (not evolving)
no new mutations, no migration, large population, random mating, and no natural selection
Describe an example of natural selection
environment "selecting" for certain traits due to those organism's having higher fitness, reproducing more, and the population changing over time
How are fossils created?
remains must be covered quickly by sediments or preserved in some other way (trapped in resin, frozen, etc.)
Name 3 adaptations that eventually allowed for the evolution of vertebrates from invertebrates
- symmetrical body
- brain, sensory organs
- fluid-filled body cavity
- complete digestive system
- segmented body