Cell Cycle
What is the cell cycle?
The Cell Cycle is the regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
What is the order of phases in Mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is chromatin?
Chromatin is the loose, spaghetti-like form of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Meiosis is a form of what type of reproduction?
Sexual reproduction.
During what process can genetic diversity be increased?
Meiosis
What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
Gap 1 (G1) = Cells grow, carry out normal functions, and replicate organelles. This is the longest phase.
Synthesis (S) = DNA is replicated in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells.
Gap 2 (G2) = Cell continues to do its normal job and growth continues.
Mitosis (M) = The division of the cell nucleus and its contents.
The division of the cell nucleus and its contents.
How many chromosomes do human skin cell have?
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
The end product of Meiosis is?
4 haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse.
During fertilization, it is completely random which of the sperm cells will fertilize the egg cell. What is this concept called?
Random Fertilization
What happens at checkpoint G2?
The cell verifies it is the right size and that the duplicated DNA is healthy and undamaged.
How is a cleavage furrow different from a cell plate?
Cleavage furrows form in animal cells and cell plates form in plant cells.
What are histones?
Histones are a protein chromatin is wrapped around when condensing into chromosomes.
What are three advantages for asexual reproduction?
In environments that do not change much, asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring that are well suited to the environment.
Does not require finding a mate.
All offspring are capable of reproduction.
When DNA from one homologous chromosome swaps places with DNA from another to create hybrid chromosomes this process is called what?
Crossing over or recombination.
What are reasons an organism needs the cell cycle?
Reproduction in single-celled, eukaryotic organisms
To replace damaged cells
To add more cells to a growing organism
At what phase are chromosomes that have been pulled apart now reach the other side of the cell and centriole?
Anaphase
What cells in animals are haploid?
Gametes, including sperm and eggs.
What separates during Meiosis 1?
Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes.
This process is going to produce 2 daughter cells that are diploid (2n) and genetically diverse.
What concept states that the likelihood of chromosomes partnering up during Metaphase 1 is completely random and may be different each time?
The Law of Independent Assortment
G1, S, and G2
The cell membrane
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What is the difference between a sister chromatid and homologous chromosomes?
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome that are connected.
Homologous chromosomes are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
What separates during Meiosis 2?
Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
This process is going to produce 4 daughter cells that are haploid (n) with single chromatids.
Precisely how many total possible genetic combinations produced by 2 humans?
2^23 * 2^23 = 7.0368744e+13 or
70,368,744,000,000!