Foundation of Natural Selection
This scientist proposed natural selection after observing variation among finches in the Galápagos Islands.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This process creates new combinations of alleles but does not create new alleles.
What is sexual reproduction?
This term describes random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
What is genetic drift?
This equation states that allele frequencies in a population must add up to 1.
What is p + q = 1?
This type of fossil shows intermediate traits between ancestral and modern species.
What is a transitional fossil?
This term describes Darwin’s idea that species change over time and share a common ancestor.
What is descent with modification?
Crossing over occurs during this specific phase of meiosis.
What is Prophase I?
This type of selection favors the average phenotype and reduces variation.
What is stabilizing selection?
This condition of Hardy-Weinberg assumes individuals mate without regard to genotype or phenotype.
What is random mating?
Structures with the same evolutionary origin but different functions are called these.
What are homologous structures?
According to Darwin, individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to do this.
What is survive and reproduce (or have greater reproductive success)?
This is the only process that introduces entirely new alleles into a population.
What is mutation?
This form of genetic drift occurs when a population is drastically reduced by a sudden event.
What is the bottleneck effect?
If allele frequencies change over time, this conclusion must be true about the population.
What is the population is evolving?
This form of speciation occurs when populations are separated by a geographic barrier.
What is allopatric speciation?
This idea from Malthus helped Darwin realize why competition occurs in populations.
What is overproduction of offspring leading to competition?
This type of mutation affects evolution only if it occurs in these cells.
What are germ (gamete) cells?
This is the only evolutionary mechanism that results in adaptive evolution.
What is natural selection?
This term refers to the frequency of an allele in a population, not whether it is dominant.
What is allele frequency (prevalence)?
This molecular technique measures how well DNA from different species binds together.
What is DNA hybridization?
This concept explains that evolution occurs through slow, continuous change over long periods of time.
What is gradualism?
This process can introduce foreign DNA into a host genome and increase variation.
What are viruses (viral insertion of DNA)?
This type of selection favors both extreme phenotypes and can lead to speciation.
What is disruptive selection?
Name one condition that must be met for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What is no mutation / no gene flow / no natural selection / large population / random mating?
This model of evolution proposes long periods of little change followed by rapid bursts of speciation.
What is punctuated equilibrium?