Selection
This type of selection occurs when individuals with extreme traits on both ends survive better than individuals with average traits.
What is disruptive selection?
Structures that have similar anatomy because of common ancestry are called these.
What are homologous structures?
In Hardy-Weinberg, p represents the frequency of this allele type.
What is the dominant allele?
This is evolution that happens by chance.
What is genetic drift?
This type of speciation happens when populations are separated by a physical barrier like a river or mountain.
What is allopatric speciation?
This type of selection keeps the average phenotype most common and selects against extreme traits.
What is stabilizing selection?
Structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins are called these.
What are analogous structures?
This condition must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: no movement in or out of the population.
What is no gene flow?
Genetic drift has the strongest effect when population size is this.
What is small?
This type of isolation happens when organisms reproduce at different times.
What is temporal isolation?
A population of bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics after repeated exposure. This is an example of this evolutionary mechanism.
What is natural selection?
Body parts that no longer have an important function are called these structures.
What are vestigial structures?
In Hardy-Weinberg, if allele frequencies stay constant over time, this is happening.
What is no evolution occurring?
Unlike natural selection, genetic drift is based on this.
What is chance (randomness)?
This type of reproductive isolation happens when two species live in the same area but in different places and rarely encounter each other.
What is habitat isolation?
Male peacocks with larger, brighter tails are more likely to attract mates, even though the tails may make survival harder. This is an example of this type of selection.
What is sexual selection?
This law states that deeper rock layers are older than the layers above them.
What is the Law of Superposition?
This condition of Hardy-Weinberg means that no new versions of genes are being created.
What is no mutation?
When a few individuals start a new population, causing different allele frequencies, this is called what?
What is the founder effect?
This type of reproductive isolation happens when sperm and egg cells from different species cannot successfully fuse.
What is gamete isolation?
A population of insects is exposed to a pesticide. Most die, but a few survive because they have a helpful trait. Over time, the population becomes mostly pesticide-resistant. This is an example of what type of selection?
What is directional selection?
Shark fins and dolphin fins have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. These are examples of what type of structures?
What are analogous structures?
If a population does NOT meet Hardy-Weinberg conditions, it means this is occurring in the population.
What is evolution?
This is one long-term result of genetic drift in small populations.
What is loss of genetic variation?
This type of reproductive isolation happens when organisms cannot mate because their body parts do not fit together.
What is mechanical isolation?