NS 1
cell that maintains blood brain barrier
astrocyte
structure that receives signals from other neurons
dendrite
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
describe relative refractory period
AP can be generated if stimulus stronger than usual
small gaps called between Schwann cells on an axon
nodes of Ranvier
Graded potentials are generated in which structures
Dendrites
carries information from PNS to CNS (which structure)
afferent (sensory) neuron
Swatting a mosquito is an example of which division of PNS?
somatic nervous system
I integrate graded potentials and "decide" whether to send an action potential
axon hillock
Two divisions of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic system
Which white column structure carries sensory information up spinal cord to brain
ascending tracts
Schwann cell
secretes myelin in CNS
oligodendrocyte
main inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
GABA
The effect of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the properties of the _____
receptor
Dark-staining structures seen surrounding nucleus in cell body of neuron
Nissl bodies
Involuntary Subdivision of PNS
Autonomic Nervous System
Fight or Flight - which division of PNS?
Sympathetic
if voltage channels were blocked, what would happen
no nerve impulse (AP) could be generated
type of conduction that "jumps" down axon
saltatory conduction
5 steps of a reflex arc in the correct order
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
cell bodies of motor neurons are located ___
ventral gray horn
Neurotransmitters that creates a euphoric feeling and inhibits pain while exercising
endorphins
Example of effect of parasympathetic system
Decreased HR
The ANS is part of the _______system
Peripheral
Which ion stimulates neurotransmitter secretion when AP reaches terminal bulb of axon?
Calcium (Ca++)
motor neurons (afferent or efferent)
efferent
sensory neuron cell bodies are located in
dorsal root ganglia
Nerve impulses are fastest in neurons that are
Mylinated
Ability to respond to a stimulus
Irritability
after peak of AP (~ +30), which ion rapidly leaves the nerve cell?
Potassium (K+)
function of myelin sheaths
insulates axons, signals travels faster
Example of monosynaptic reflex
patellar reflex (somatic)
Example of polysynaptic reflex
Pupillary reflex (autonomic, parasympathetic)
synthetic opioid that is 50 x stronger than heroin
fentanyl