lalala
GD
ND
ww2
100

1st and 2nd new deal 

1st New Deal Purpose: Basically trying to fix the economy after the war. They did this by relief for the poor and unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reforming the economy so that there wouldn’t be another depression. 

The 2nd New Deal Purpose was protecting workers and building long lasting financial security for Americans.

100

unions

The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) promised workers the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.

A group of progressives went to congress and established the National Labor Relations Act in 1935 led by senator Robert F. Wagner. The news act had a National Labor Relations Board which enforced the bargaining between unions and the employers.

100

Goal and 3 R's

Goals: offer economic relief to the suffering, regulate private industry, and grow the economy

Relief (for the unemployed and poor)

Recovery (of the economy back to normal levels through federal spending and job creation)

Reform (of capitalism through regulatory legislation and the creation of new social welfare programs to prevent a repeat depression)

100

Bomb go boom

Trinity Bomb- The first atomic explosion in history occurred on July 16th, 1995 in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico

Atomic Warfare- President Harry S Truman offered Japan an ultimatum after receiving news of the successful development of the Trinity Bomb. He told Japan to surrender by August 3rd or face complete devastation. The Japanese premier wanted to accept the demands from the president but he was unable to persuade military leaders to agree. There were hints from Tokyo that Japan would surrender if it could retain its emperor but the American government firmly believed in “unconditional surrender” and dismissed those proposals. When the deadline passed, Truman ordered the Air Force to use the new atomic weapons against Japan.

200

Black Tuesday

In the Fall of 1929 the stock market began to collapse. There were major declines in the stocking market prices. On Black Tuesday, all efforts that previously worked to save these markets failed at once. 16 million stocks were traded, essentially dropping the industrial index about 43% and stocks were virtually worthless. Many believed this was the start of the Great Depression.

200

causes, more long term

 Lack of diversification in industry, Declining exports, Unstable debt structure (with Europe payments from WWI), Unemployment

200

AAA and CCC

Agricultural Adjustment Act boosted agricultural prices by offering subsidies to farmers to reduce output

Civilian Conservation Corps employed young and single men at federally funded jobs on government lands.

200

Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941: surprise aerial attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii, by the Japanese that precipitated the entry of the United States into World War II

300

Harlem Renaissance

intellectual and cultural revival of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.

300

immediate causes

stock market rise, black Tuesday, banking collapse, debt

300

critics

Father Coughlin (fascist), Huey Long(gay socialist) 

300

women

Many women replaced industrial workforce of men in military

forced to leave their young children at home alone or even in locked cars in factory parking lots

Lacking supervision, juvenile crime rose significantly (young boys committing burglary, vandalism and vagrancy and young girls being prostitutes)

Increase of marriages post-war lead to baby boom (ppl starting families and settling down after war outbreak)

400

problems w/ farming in the '20s

  • Mechanized farming increased agricultural productivity but demand was not rising as fast as production

  • This caused a substantial surplus, disastrous decline in food prices, and a severe drop in farmers’ income beginning in the early 1920s

400

challenges with unemployment 

Challenge to traditional notions of masculinity bc most americans saw it as a signs of personal failure

State govt struggled to keep up with declining tax revenue so they couldn't assist the unemployed

400

court packing c&e

C: No program of reform could survive the conservative supreme court judges, and electoral realignment in FDR’s favor convinced him that it was possible to do something about it. FDR added six new judges to the court. He claimed they were overworked and needed fresh ideas to enable them to cope with their burdens. His purpose was to add liberal judges to change the ideological balance of the court. 

E: Conservatives were outraged, and even his supporters were surprised with this “hunger for power”. The Court was no longer an obstacle to New Deal reforms, but it did lasting political damage to Roosevelt’s administration

400

Internment camps:

Stories circulated that Japanese Americans in Hawaii helped sabotage Pearl Harbor and fears spread that a similar conspiracy would happen with the Japanese Americans in California

Government took a “precaution” against these conspiracies and relocated more than 100,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps in western mountains & the desert where conditions were similar to a prison 

allowed to return to west coast by 1945 but continued to face harassment and persecution with their homes and businesses lost

500

Religion vs. Science

Modernists vs. Traditionalist/Fundamentalists 

The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) offered free counsel to educators willing to defy this law and become a defendant in a test case. 

Journalists traveled from all over to cover the “monkey trial” which opened in a circus-like atmosphere and was broadcasted on radio. 

This trial led to many fundamentalists' isolation and exclusion from mainstream media, ultimately putting an end to their political activism, though it did not change their religious convictions.

500

social/cultural changes 

depression literature, radio, movies, journalism, rising socialist ideas
500

WPA and G-S Act

The Works Progress Administration was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 forced commercial banks to refrain from investment banking activities to protect depositors from potential losses through stock speculation.

500

Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred $13.3 billion in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II.