Vocabulary
the use of hypothesis, observation and experimentation to reach conclusions about the natural and physical world
Scientific Method
study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric (the study of language), poetry, and history, that were taught in ancient Greece and Rome
Humanities
idea that the sun is the center of universe
Heliocentric Theory
The King is to the _______________ as Parliament is to _____________.
President
Congress
Under the Divine Right theory, to question the king was to question-
God
the Great Charter approved by King John of England in 1215; it limited royal power and established certain rights of English freemen
Magna Carta
liberties and freedoms inherent to being human
Natural Rights
a person who provides financial support for the arts
Patron
Robert Boyle was known as the father of-
Chemistry
The political ideals of “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” are influenced by
John Locke
Philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that society could best be improved by applying _________________ & _____________________
the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
Divine Right
political philosophy that argues that the populous and the ruler/government enter into a mutual relationship
Social Contract
idea that the sun is the center of universe
Heliocentric Theory
The scientist applied reason and rationality to devise his laws of motion was
Sir Isaac Newton
Both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights had an impact on American government because both documents contained ideas about the power of government to make a-
Social Contract
________________ refers to a monarch’s total control over his subjects.
Absolutism
government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers
Limited Monarchy
to gain understanding or knowledge; has been generally applied to an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century in which philosophers sought to find natural laws by which to govern societies
Enlightenment
allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
Laissez-Faire
__________________ proposed the heliocentric theory which was later supported by Galileo.
Nicholas Copernicus
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Voltaire were all philosophers who were closely associated with which movement?
Enlightenment
A common effect of the Magna Carta, the English Civil War, and the English Bill of Rights were ____________ on the powers of English monarchs.
Limits
a system of law based on precedent and customs
Common Law
an economic philosophy that promoted the idea of a nation's wealth was enhanced by the accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, and the establishment of overseas colonial monopolies
Mercantilism
an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control
Free Enterprise
_________________ and _________________ were sources of knowledge most central to the Scientific Revolution
Observation & Experimentation
The Enlightenment philosophers inspired later political revolution because of their support for
Natural Rights
Louis XIV of France was considered an absolute ruler because he made government decisions without the _______________ of their people
consent
the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.
Despotism