Continental Drift / Plate Tectonic Theory
the single supercontinent that existed about 200 million years ago
What is Pangaea?
the 4 layers of the Earth
What are the Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core?
the SPECIFIC type of convergent boundary that forms mountains
What is continent-continental convergent?
the difference between focus and epicenter
What is the focus is where the earthquake started inside the earth and epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the surface?
the GENERAL type of plate boundary where most volcanoes occur
What is convergent?
2 pieces of evidence that the continents used to be connected
What is:
1. Puzzle like fit
2. Mountain Chains
3. Matching Fossils
4. Glacial evidence
how lithosphere and asthenosphere are different
What is:
1. lithosphere is the RIGID crust and uppermost mantle
2. Asthenosphere is like silly putty and made of upper mantle
the type of stress when rock layers are squished together
What is compression?
the GENERAL type of earthquake wave that travels within the Earth.. (Hint: these waves do very little damage to us)
What are body waves?
the name for places where magma comes to the surface but NOT AT A PLATE BOUNDARY. (Hint: example is Hawaiian Islands)
What is a hot spot?
the reason why Earth has a magnetic field
What is Earth's iron and nickel core?
the 3 types of plate boundaries AND a brief definition of each.
What is:
1. Divergent - 2 plates spread apart
2. Convergent - 2 plates collide
3. Transform - 2 plates slide past each other
an upward bend in rock layers
What is an anticline?
the type of earthquake waves that cause the most damage to us
What are surface waves?
The type of magma that is common with explosive eruptions... it's LIGHT in color and is really THICK
What is felsic?
how we know the seafloor has been spreading at a mid-ocean ridge (Hint: think about magnetic field reversing)
What is the discovery of strips of alternating polarity in rocks?
the feature that is made at convergent boundaries where one ocean plate is forced under another plate
What is a subduction zone?
Reason why continental-continental convergent boundary does not have subduction
What is the 2 continental plates are the same density and just scrunch up?
the fastest earthquake wave, which can move through solids and liquids, and has a back-and-forth motion
What is a p-wave?
the 2 types of lava described below:
a. Like a dripping candle, cools to make smooth, rope-like texture
b. rounded lumps when lava erupts underwater
What is:
a. Pahoehoe
b. Pillow
the 3 reasons why tectonic plates move
What is:
1. Mantle convection
2. Ridge push
3. Slab Pull
3 part question:
1. plate boundary that forms volcanoes
2. Plate boundary that causes earthquakes
3. plate boundary that pushes out new ocean crust
What is:
1. Convergent
2. Transform
3. Divergent
2 parts:
a. The type of fault where the Hanging wall moves UP relative to the footwall.
b. The type of fault where rock layers move horizontally
What is:
a. Reverse fault
b. Strike-slip fault
the difference between the Richter Scale and the Modified Mercalli Scale
What is the Richter scale measures strength and Modified Mercalli Scale measures damage?
the 3 types of volcanoes with a brief description
What is:
a. Shield - broad base, gentle slope sides from quiet eruptions.
b. Cinder cone - steep but short, from small explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material
c. Composite - layers of lava and ash, most violent, largest