Memories
Forgetting and Memory Construction
Solving Problems Making Decisions
Thinking and Language
Intelligence
100

A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned. 

What is recognition? 

100

Our tendency to recall best the last(recency effect) and first(primacy effect) items on a list 

What is the serial position effect

100

A mental image or best example of a category. 

Matching new items to this provides a quick and easy method for solving items into categories. 

What are prototypes

100

This is the smallest unit that carries meaning. It might be a word or part of a word. 

What is a morpheme

100

According to Charles Spearman  and others, this underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. 

What is general intelligence

200

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. 

What is effortful processing

200

This is an inability to retrieve information from one’s past

What is retrograde amnesia

200

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past 

What is a mental set

200

This is the window of time in which learning most easily takes place.

What is the critical period(also known as the sensitive period)?

200

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

What is standardization? 

300

This is when we voluntarily focus on a portion of sensory input while ignoring others

What is selective attention

300

The backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information. 

What is retroactive interference

300

This is our tendency to overestimate ability to have foreseen the outcome of an event after it has already happened

What is hindsight bias

300

This is the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. 

What is syntax

300

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

What is savant syndrome

400

This is a momentary sensory memory of an auditory stimulus. 

What is echoic memory

400

This occurs when misleading information has distorted one’s memory of an event 

What is the misinformation effect

400

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. 

What is an availability heuristic

400

During this stage of language development, a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs. 

What is telegraphic speech

400

Defined originally as the mental age(ma) divided by the  chronological age(ca) multiplied by 100

What is the intelligence quotient(IQ)?

500

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

What is the spacing effect?

500

Physical changes in nerve cells or brain activity that occur when memories are stored

What are memory traces?

500

This researcher developed the retention curve after finding the more the times he practiced a list of nonsense syllables on Day 1, the less time he required to relearn it on Day 2 

Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus

500

This psychologist theorized we have universal grammar, a built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules. 

Who is Noam Chomsky? 

500

This is our ability to reason speedily and abstractly. It tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood. 

What is fluid intelligence