The Fittest
What type of natural selection curve is this?
(look on the board)
Directional selection curve
Name one of the two equations in the Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium
p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1
What structure is the tailbone an example of?
a vestigial structure
What does a cladogram represent?
Common ancestry and evolutionary relationships between different species
What is the difference between a pre and post zygotic barrier?
Prezygotic references before mating, and postzygotic references after mating
What type of natural selection curve is this?
(look on board)
Stabilizing selection curve
Name two of the five equilibrium conditions
Random mating, no mutations, no gene flow, large population size, no natural selection
Name a way that you can genetically tell that two species are distantly related
Differences in amino acid/genetic sequences
True or false, linear distance on the cladogram determines common ancestry
FALSE!
Name two prezygotic barriers
Behavioral, geographic, mechanical, gametic, and temporal isolation
What type of natural selection curve is this?
(look on board)
Disruptive selection curve
If you are given a recessive genotype of "aa" in an MCQ, which variable in the equation do you have?
q2
These structures appear similar because they serve the same function, but they do not come from a common ancestor. An example is the wings of birds and the wings of insects.
Analogous structures
What is an outgroup?
A species known to be related to, but distant from the main group of study
Name a postzygotic barrier
hybrid sterility or hybrid inviability
What is the definition of adaptation?
A heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a specific environment
What does it mean if a population is NOT in Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium?
Allele and genotype frequencies can change throughout generations
This term describes when two unrelated species evolve similar traits because they live in similar environments, such as sharks and dolphins both having streamlined bodies.
Convergent evolution
What is a node?
Where the branches of a cladogram diverge, represents a different common ancestor
Give a reason why you would be able to tell if two organisms come from different species
Different niches, morphological distinctions, genetic divergence, pre-mating barriers
True or false, natural selection acts upon the existing traits of individual organisms
True
What is the difference between the p and q variables in the equation p+q=1 and p2+2pq+q2=1?
p+q=1 indicates the frequency of two different alleles
P2+2pq+q2=1 indicates the frequency of the corresponding genotypes
What are anatomical features in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, even if they serve different functions?
Homologous structures
What is a clade?
A grouping that includes a common ancestor and all of its decsendants
What is allopatric vs. sympatric speciation?
allopatric- geographic isolation that results in speciation
sympatric- speciation that occurs in the same area without physical barriers