Roman Republic
Rome grew from a small republic into a powerful empire before eventually collapsing in the West. Which factor played the biggest role in both Rome's rise and its decline?
The military
This Roman leader conquered Gaul and became one of Rome's most powerful generals.
Who was Julius Caesar?
The period of peace and prosperity in Rome was known as this.
What is the Pax Romana?
Christianity began in this Roman province.
What is Judea?
The capital city of the Byzantine Empire was this.
What is Constantinople?
This group represented the common people of Rome.
Who were the plebeians?
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed this political alliance.
What was the First Triumvirate?
These structures carried fresh water into Roman cities.
What are aqueducts?
This emperor allowed Christians to worship freely through the Edict of Milan.
Who was Constantine?
This emperor created the Corpus Juris Civilis.
Who was Justinian?
The Senate, Consuls, and Assemblies were all part of this form of government.
What is the Roman Republic?
Crossing this river led to a civil war in Rome.
What is the Rubicon River?
This building could hold around 50,000 spectators for gladiator games.
What is the Colosseum?
This emperor made Christianity the official religion of Rome.
Who was Theodosius?
This famous church became a symbol of Byzantine power.
What is the Hagia Sophia?
These officials could veto each other's decisions to prevent one person from gaining too much power.
What are consuls?
Why did many senators support Caesar's assassination?
They feared he wanted to become a king and destroy the Republic.
This process spread Roman culture, language, and customs throughout conquered lands
What is Romanization?
Name two major causes of the fall of Rome.
Overexpansion, economic problems, military weakness, political instability, barbarian invasions.
This event split Christianity into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
What is the Great Schism?
How did the Conflict of the Orders change Roman society?
Plebeians gained more rights, political representation, and tribunes.
Explain how Caesar's rise to power shows a weakness in the Roman Republic.
Military leaders gained more loyalty and power than elected officials, weakening the Republic's government.
Name two Roman achievements that still influence the modern world.
Roman law, roads, engineering, concrete, arches, domes, Latin-based languages.
How did Rome's size contribute to its fall?
It became difficult to govern, communicate, defend borders, and control the empire effectively.
Explain one reason the Byzantine Empire survived long after the Western Roman Empire fell.
Strong defenses, strategic location, wealthy trade routes, effective government, preservation of Roman traditions.