Absolutism
What is a key trait of absolute monarchs?
Centralized power
What did Galileo's discoveries challenge?
The geocentric model.
What did John Locke argue in his writings?
People have natural rights to Life, Liberty, and Property
What were the main motivations for European exploration?
Gold, God, and Glory.
How did absolutism affect citizens?
Limited individual freedoms.
How did Louis XIV maintain control over nobles?
Palace of Versailles
What was Copernicus's major contribution?
Proposed the heliocentric theory.
What concept did Rousseau emphasize in "The Social Contract"?
In exchange for giving up certain individual freedoms, individuals receive protection of their remaining rights, security, and social order from a governing authority.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases.
In what way did the Scientific Revolution alter problem solving?
Shifted focus to reason and observation.
Scientific Method
What did Peter the Great seek to accomplish?
Modernize Russia
What was the Church's response to Galileo's scientific discoveries?
Tried Galileo for heresy.
How did Montesquieu propose to protect liberty?
By separating government powers.
How did Vasco da Gama contribute to exploration?
Found a sea route to India.
How did Enlightenment thinkers challenge authority?
Questioned traditional monarchy and religion.
What was the impact of absolute monarchy on society?
Limited freedoms
How did Kepler contribute to astronomy?
Developed laws of planetary motion.
What did Voltaire advocate for?
Freedom of speech and religion.
What impact did Hernán Cortés have on the Aztecs?
Conquered the Aztec Empire.
What economic changes resulted from the Age of Exploration?
Increased wealth and global trade.
What legacy did Louis XIV leave behind?
Debt and centralized power.
What was Newton's significant work?
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
In what ways did Enlightenment thinkers influence modern democratic principles?
Promoted ideas of rights and governance.
What was the effect of exploration on Native populations?
Diseases wiped out many.
How did Enlightenment ideas lead to changes in government structures worldwide?
Inspired revolutions and constitutional reforms.