Sci. Revolution Thinkers
Polish astronomer who believed that the Earth orbited the sun (heliocentric theory)
Who is Copernicus?
This thinker is the father of enlightenment and wrote a book where he argued that people are naturally bad and need a strong government to control them
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Using logic to explain the “why” behind something or justify an action, feeling, or event
What is reason?
This is the scientific idea that the sun is the center of the universe.
What is heliocentric theory?
List the three causes of the scientific revolution.
Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration
Danish astronomer whose observations were the most accurate possible before the invention of the telescope; he found the accurate positions of more than 777 fixed stars
Who is Tycho Brahe?
This thinker wrote about popular sovereignty and argued that every person is born with tabula rosa
Who is John Locke?
This enlightened religious idea is fueled by growing skepticism and is the rational rejection of religion
What is atheism?
The scientific idea that every object in the universe attracts every object: made popular by Sir Issac Newton
What is the universal law of gravitation?
He is known as the “greatest enlightened ruler” because he was anti-feudalism, anti-church, and anti-nobility.
Who is Joseph II Hapsburg of Austria?
A physician who demonstrated that blood flows through the body being pumped by the heart
Who is William Harvey?
This thinker was an outspoken critic of the Church and French monarchy and argued for religious toleration
Who is Voltaire?
This enlightened religious idea sees God as a clockmaker and the world as the clock operating by its own natural laws
What is deism?
A step-by-step procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence; made popular by Sir Francis Bacon
What is the Scientific Method?
This is the idea that people surrender their natural rights to the state, and the state in return must maintain and protect those rights.
What is social contract theory?
English parliamentarian and philosopher; most important contributor to the scientific method
Who is Sir Francis Bacon?
This thinker argued for the separation of a state’s legislative, executive, and judicial powers as a means of keeping the government in check
Who is Montesquieu?
These are the rights possessed by all human beings, such as the right to life and liberty
What are natural rights?
Galileo built the telescope to confirm heliocentric theory, but how did the Catholic Church respond to this discovery?
He was kicked out of the Church and put on house arrest
Why is social contract theory not considered a democracy?
Most of the power is in the hands of a monarch (king or queen)
German astronomer and assistant to Brahe; argued against Brahe and supported heliocentric theory; established the Three Laws of Planetary Motion
Who is Johannes Kepler?
This thinker created the idea of the social contract theory.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This economic theory argues that people who act in their own self interest unintentionally contribute to the economy of their society
What is The Invisible Hand Theory?
Rather than reaching conclusions based on biblical texts, scientists began using what to strengthen their ideas?
Experiments following the scientific method
There are multiple reasons why Enlightenment was not perfect. One of these examples is…
The existence of slavery/racial injustices; women & people of color were often excluded from politics; men were seen as “stronger” while women were seen as “domestic”