Thinking Process
thinking about one's own thinking processes
What is metacognition?
cognitive process that focuses on finding a single, correct solution to a problem by applying logical steps
What is cognitive thinking?
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
What is intelligence?
the process of establishing consistent testing procedures and norms for administering and scoring psychological assessments
What is standardization?
cognitive bias where individuals continue investing time, money, or effort into a project or decision because they have already invested so much, even if the returns are poor or the endeavor no longer aligns with their goals
What is sunk-cost fallacy?
cognitive frameworks or blueprints that help organize and interpret information based on past experiences and knowledge
What is schemas?
a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions
What is divergent thinking?
theory suggests that individuals possess different types of intelligence beyond traditional measures, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences
What is multiple intelligences?
assess a person's knowledge or skills in a specific area, such as academic subjects or job-related tasks. They measure what an individual has learned or accomplished
What is achievement tests?
assesses consistency by administering the same test to the same group twice. It measures how stable scores are over time
What is test-retest reliability?
a mental image or best example of a category that aids in recognizing and categorizing objects or concepts
What is prototypes?
mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that simplify decision-making by reducing the cognitive burden
What is heuristics?
the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort
What is growth mindset?
measure a person's potential for learning or mastering specific skills or tasks in the future. They assess innate abilities and predict future performance
What is aptitude tests?
cognitive bias that occurs when individuals believe that the outcome of a random event is influenced by previous outcomes, even though each event is independent and has no bearing on future results
What is Gambler's Fallacy?
cognitive processes that allow individuals to generate, organize, plan, and carry out goal-directed behaviors and experience critical thinking
What is executive functions?
a tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked in the past, which can sometimes prevent seeing alternative solutions
What is mental set?
the level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age
What is mental age?
shows how well a test can forecast future outcomes or behaviors. It measures if test scores can predict future performance accurately
What is predictive validity?
the trend of average IQ scores increasing over generations. It suggests a rise in general intelligence due to environmental and cultural factors
What is the Flynn Effect?
the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing schemas
What is assimilation or adding to the existing?
exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention
What is priming?
numerical measure of an individual's cognitive abilities compared to others in their age group, typically assessed through standardized tests
What intelligence quotient (IQ)?
divides a test into two halves and compares scores between them. It measures internal consistency by checking if both halves yield similar results
What is split-half reliability?
how information is presented influences decisions and perceptions
What is framing?