This is a step by step process that guarantees a solution - but is very time-consuming
What is an algorithm
100
If someone believes that capital punishment is an effective tool to reduce crime, it requires far more compelling evidence to change their mind than it did to create that belief. This is an example of:
What is Belief perseverance phenomenon
100
The system of rules relating to language
What is grammar
100
By age 4 months we can discriminate and comprehend speech. We can also read lips. This represents what type of language?
What is receptive
100
What are the 3 of the 5 components of increased creativity?
What is
1) expertise
2) imagination
3) venturesome personality
4) intrinsically motivated
5) creative environment/mentoring
200
Simpler strategies that eliminate unlikely options
What are heuristics
200
Most teenagers struggle with ___________ as it relates to their ability to manage their time on homework and assignments
What is overconfidence
200
________ is to meaning as ____________ is to the rules we use to order words into sentences
What is semantics; syntax
200
By age 2 most babies enter this stage called:
What is telegraphic speech consisting of 2 words (want juice, baby sad)
200
During this stage, sometimes kids can produce sounds that are not even English in nature
What is the babbling stage (around 4 months)
300
An example of this obstacle to problem solving included the incorrect link between autism and vaccinations - people seek evidence verifying their ideas more eagerly than they seek evidence refuting them
What is confirmation bias
300
These are snap judgments on a specific group of people
What are representative heuristics
300
Basic sounds such as ba, da, ga
What are phonemes
300
Chomsky's inborn universal grammar theory indicated what?
What is "kids acquire words/grammar at a rate too extraordinary to be explained away by learning principles" and therefore some skills must be inborn
300
This type of simulation is far more important than the other and produces much better results
What is process is more important than outcome
400
Just like in perception, this predisposes how we think and approach a problem
What is a mental set
400
It is less likely I will be bit by a spider than have a car accident; but I swear I just read about a women getting bitten by a spider in the newspaper last week! This concept is called:
What is availability heuristic
400
These are the smallest unit of language that have any meaning
What are morphemes
400
Explain the critical or sensitive period for learning language
What is childhood language development is essential for learning and that when a young brain does not learn language, its full language capacity does not develop
400
Explain Skinners' approach to language development
What is operant learning - association, imitation and reinforcement
500
You spend 30 minutes looking for a wrench to fix your bike wheel, when perhaps a screwdriver or something else may have worked as well. This is an example of:
What is functional fixedness
500
John did not get into his major program at college. Instead of wallowing in his sadness and frustration, he saw this as an opportunity to work hard and re-apply after his freshman year. What is this an example of?
What is framing
500
Put the following in order based upon total amount from smallest to largest:
morphemes
words
phonemes
What is phonemes (40), morphemes (100,000), words (615,000)
500
An example of this includes the Hopi Tribe who have no word for past tense
What is the Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis - different languages impose different conceptions of reality
500
List the 4 reasons why we fear things?
What is
1) we fear what our ancestors prepared us to fear
2) we fear what we cannot control
3) we fear what is immediate
4) we fear what is readily available