Foundations
In this type of government, one person (the monarch) holds all the power
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
These are the fundamental rights (like life and liberty) that Enlightenment thinkers believed all people are born with.
What are Natural Rights?
These two English documents heavily influenced the creation of American government documents.
What are the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights?
This was the desperate state of the French economy just before the revolution began.
What is a state of crisis (or bankruptcy)?
This meeting was held to restore a "balance of power" across Europe after Napoleon's defeat.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
This religious leader was the primary supporter of a theocratic government.
Who is John Calvin?
This thinker argued that the government’s only job is to protect the natural rights of its citizens
Who is John Locke?
This was the main thing Americans disliked about the British Parliament
What is a lack of representation?
At the start of the revolution, this group of people held little to no political power.
Who is the Third Estate (or commoners/peasants)?
The defeat of these two European countries provided the perfect opening for Latin Americans to rebel.
Who are Spain and Portugal?
This agreement between the government and its people describes what is being "exchanged" for order and protection
What is the Social Contract?
This thinker believed government should be split into branches to ensure a "separation of powers".
Who is Montesquieu?
This man wrote the Declaration of Independence to justify why the colonies were breaking away from Britain.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
This was the primary goal the French people wanted to achieve through their revolution.
What is political power and individual rights?
This specific feeling or idea spread throughout the world following the fall of Napoleon’s empire.
What is nationalism (or revolutionary spirit)?
These are the specific historical events that led to the creation of a constitutional monarchy.
What are the events of the English Revolution/Glorious Revolution?
This philosopher promoted individual freedom of speech and religion.
Who is Voltaire?
This is the primary reason the Americans revolted and what they hoped to gain.
What is independence/self-government?
Similar to the Americans, the French used these ideas to justify their revolt.
What are Enlightenment philosophies (Natural Rights/Social Contract)?
The new boundaries drawn by the Congress of Vienna were a major step toward creating this unified territory.
What is Germany?
This contract or set of ideas was used to directly challenge the "Divine Right" of kings.
What is the Social Contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that this is how all laws should be created.
What is by the "General Will" (or by the people)?
This is what American citizens gained as a direct result of their successful revolution.
What are individual rights and a representative government?
This is what the citizens of France ultimately gained from the revolution.
What are increased political rights and the end of absolute monarchy?
This 1215 document, signed by King John, was the first to limit the power of a monarch.
What is the Magna Carta?