Blood
What is the most common leukocyte in the body & what is its function?
Neutrophils; to fight off foreign bacteria in the body
What is the function of a valve?
To prevent backwards flow of blood
The tip of the heart that points toward the left hip is called the __________.
Apex
Which type of blood vessel contains blood at the highest pressure?
Arteries
What is the largest artery in the human body?
The aorta
Where does blood cell formation occur?
Red bone marrow
The surface of the heart is covered with a protective layer of tissue called the __________________.
Left side receives oxygenated blood and right side receives deoxygenated blood
Which type of blood vessel is only surrounded by one cell layer? Why?
Capillaries; for gas exchange
The majority of plasma is composed of ____________.
water
What equipment is used to separate blood into different components? List the order in which the components are arranged in the test tube.
Centrifuge (centrifugation)
Plasma (55%)
White blood cells/platelets (1%)
Red Blood Cells (44%)
The "lub-dub" sound in the heart is caused by:
the closing of the heart valves as blood is pumped in and out of the chambers
What is also referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker?
SA node
What is the function of a shunt?
To serve as a shortcut from an artery to a vein; sphincters restrict the flow of blood to the true capillaries, allowing blood to go directly through the shunt
How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin carry?
4 oxygen molecules
What is hemostasis and what is the first step in the process?
Hemostasis is the process of blood clot formation; the first step of hemostasis is contraction of the blood vessel in order to restrict blood flow to the site of the wound
The serous pericardium produces a lubricating fluid in the heart's pericardial cavity. What is the purpose of this fluid?
To reduce the friction of the heart against other organs/tissues
The human cardiovascular system has two loops. Which loop takes blood from the heart to the body tissues and back?
Systemic circuit
Describe the flow of blood through the body.
*See notes
Sinoatrial (SA) node --> Atrioventricular (AV) node ---> AV bundle ---> bundle fibers ---> Purkinje fibers
List 3 characteristics of an erythrocyte.
How does an erythrocyte differ from a leukocyte?
-Transports oxygen
-Lacks a nucleus
-Biconcave shape
-Contains hemoglobin
Leukocytes have a nucleus, are not as numerous, do not live as long as red blood cells, provide an immune response, and are able to move out of the bloodstream
What happens during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle?
The heart relaxes and fills with blood
What happens during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle?
The heart contracts and blood is released into blood vessels
How are veins able to maintain pressure?
Muscular Pumping: muscle contractions allow blood to be pushed through veins
Respiratory Pumping: Expansion of the chest during inhalation allows blood to be pushed through veins
Valves: prevent backflow of blood
What is the most common blood type?
What is the least common blood type?
Construct a chart listing the antigens and the antibodies for each.
Least common: AB-; A & B antigens / anti-Rh antibodies