Cold War Causes/Context
What were the two opposing ideologies between the United States and Soviet Union that caused the Cold War?
Capitalism (US) vs. Communism (USSR)
What 2 ways did the US and USSR fight, not physically, during the Cold War?
Arms race, space race
1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by the spread communism or totalitarian ideology
Truman Doctrine
Leaders in Africa and Asia, such as Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), have what in common?
opposition to colonial rule, having an nationalist & anti-imperialist sentiment
As states became independent, some were wary of siding with the US or Soviet Union. What was the name of the movement that decided not to align with either the US or USSR?
Non-Aligned Movement
The Cold War led to the proliferation of what type of weapon?
Nuclear Weapons
How did the US and USSR physically fight during the Cold War?
Proxy wars (and name one!)
Communist revolutionaries like Mao Zedong in China and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam advocated for what main reform that appealed to peasants?
land redistribution
Activists such as Nelson Mandela (South Africa), Mohandas Gandhi (India), and Martin Luther King Jr. (United States) all had what in common when implementing their resistance to power structures?
They were nonviolent
Former colonial subjects migrated to ____________, usually in the major cities, where they maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and their mother country even after the dissolution of empires.
Imperial metropole
The US theory that stated, if communism in Asia could be restrained in the area the system would eventually die out.
Containment Theory
This cold war event in 1962 was a major confrontation that brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to war over the presence of Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles in Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society; resulted in famine and the deaths of over 40 million people
Great Leap Forward
Independence movements in Vietnam and Algeria against the French Empire were both achieved through what type of resistance?
Violent/Armed
On Nov. 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for Palestine to be partitioned between Arabs and Jews, allowing for the formation of the Jewish state of __________
Israel
An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
United Nations
The cold war finally came to an end when this happened in 1991...
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
communist party in Cambodia that imposed a reign of terror and mass violence on Cambodian citizens by leader Pol Pot in the 1970s
Khmer Rouge
A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Led after 1920 by Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
Indian National Congress
An organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations; led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah from 1913 until the creation of Pakistan in 1947
Muslim League
What were the 2 main alliances of the Cold War?
NATO (US) v. Warsaw Pact (USSR)
Mikhail Gorbachev, (final leader of the Soviet Union 1985-1991), implemented more liberal reform policies that diluted the power of the communist party is the USSR.. name one of the two main policies
Perestroika and Glasnot
Occurred in Iran in 1962, the Shah's attempt to appease the Iranian citizens. It called for economic and political reforms including land redistribution, profit sharing, and women's right to vote
White Revolution
South African social policy and racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites; ended c. 1994
Apartheid
In newly independent states after World War II, government leaders often took on a strong role in guiding ___________ life in attempts to promote development (Examples: Indira Gandhi in India, Julius Nyerere in Tanzania, & Sirimavo Bandaranaike in Sri Lanka)
Economic