Countries and Migration
War, genocide, famine, and natural disaster are examples of this type of migration
Forced migration
The "catastrophe" that led to the expulsion of 750,000 Palestinians from their homes and the deaths of at least 13,000 in 1948
Nakba
Western Sahara was originally colonized by which European country, then divided in 2 by which neighboring countries?
Spain; Morocco and Mauritania
The UN was founded in this year and replaced this less effective international organization.
1945, League of Nations
Explain the difference between genocide and ethnic cleansing and give an example of each.
ethnic cleansing - the removal of a group of people from their land (Nakba, parts of the Bosnian War...)
Job opportunities, family reunification, education, or a better quality of life are all examples of this type of migration
Voluntary migration
The statement issued by the British government declaring its support for the establishment of a nation-state for the Jewish people in then-Ottoman Palestine
Balfour Declaration
Why are Moroccan settlements in Western Sahara considered illegal under international law?
Citizens can't be moved into occupied territory, as this would make the temporary occupation permanent.
How many full member states and observer members are there in the UN? What are the two observers?
193+2: Vatican City and Palestine
Which two European countries once ruled over Rwanda? How did they contribute to the beginning of the genocide?
Germany and Belgium; they divided the people into arbitrary ethnic groups and gave the minority Tutsis power to divide the people to prevent them from rebelling, creating long-lasting hatred among the majority Hutus that would lead to war and genocide.
Give 3 examples of things that would be push factors.
A low quality of life, isolation from family or friends, discrimination, violence, natural disaster, famine, war, lack of educational/economic opportunities, lack of healthcare, poor environment...
Name 3 specific things Israel restricts Gazans from having or doing
Leaving Gaza without permission, accessing medical care, having building materials (cement, steel, glass...), fishing, certain amounts of food, toys...
The Sahrawi government-in-exile is located in this city in this country.
Tindouf, Algeria
15; it prevents conflicts by sending troops into conflicts to stop them, sending peacekeepers to maintain peace agreements, and placing sanctions or arms embargoes on countries at risk of violence. It also admits new members to the UN.
What event began the Rwandan genocide? How was the genocide conducted? How long did it last?
Give 3 examples of things that would be considered pull factors.
Good educational/economic opportunities, family or friends, higher quality of life, peace, safety, better environmental quality, better healthcare...
Name and describe the 3 areas the West Bank was divided into after the Oslo Accords in 1993, then name the area that most illegal Israeli settlements are located in today.
Area A - 100% Palestinian control
Area B - Palestinian civil control, Israeli military control
Area C - 100% Israeli control "temporarily", where most Israeli settlements are located
The Sahrawi armed group fighting for an independent Western Sahara
Polisario Front
How many permanent, veto-holding members are there on the UN Security Council? Which states are they?
5: US, UK, France, China, Russia
What were the 6 republics that made up the former Yugoslavia? Why did Serb forces commit ethnic cleansing and genocide in Bosnia?
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia. Serb forces wanted to expel Bosniaks from Bosnia in order to replace them with Serbs and create a "Greater Serbia".
Name 4 criteria that may determine whether something is considered a "country" or not
1. Clearly defined borders
2. Control over its own affairs
3. A permanent population
4. International recognition
Name all 5 territories that Israel captured during the Six-Day War in 1967 and the countries they captured each one from.
Gaza Strip (Egypt), Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), West Bank (Jordan), East Jerusalem (Jordan), Golan Heights (Syria)
Name 5 countries that officially recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Western Sahara.
Algeria, Mauritania, Mexico, Colombia, Cuba, Iran, Vietnam, Bolivia, Nigeria, South Africa, Ethiopia, Syria...
Describe two major weaknesses of the United Nations.
Security Council power - the 5 veto-holding permanent members can block popular proposals from happening or block member states from joining due to their own political or economic motives, making the council less effective.
Peacekeeper corruption - peacekeepers have stood by while major acts of violence have occurred or have participated in violence themselves
How were the perpetrators of the Bosnian genocide punished? What impact did this later have internationally?
They were arrested and tried at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the first international criminal tribunal since WWII. This inspired the creation of a permanent war crimes court, the International Criminal Court (ICC).