Wetlands & Mangroves
This term describes salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that form dense, tidal forests in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, that protect coastlines from erosion and storms, and serve as breeding grounds for diverse marine life.
Mangroves
Name two specific classes of compounds that can lead to cultural eutrophication
Nitrates (fertilizers) and phosphates (detergents)
What is meant by a PERSISTENT pollutant?
A pollutant that does not easily break down because it is soluble in fat; it *persists*. Usually synthetic and organic.
This re-emergent disease is transferred to humans via the bite of an infected organism or through contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. In the middle ages, it was responsible for wiping out half of Europe.
Plague
Physiological stress, limited growth, reduced reproduction, and in extreme cases, death are all the result of an organism living outside its range of _______ which leads to the failure to maintain stable internal conditions (failure to maintain _______________)
Physiological stress, limited growth, reduced reproduction, and in extreme cases, death are all the result of an organism living outside its RANGE OF TOLERANCE which leads to the failure to maintain stable internal conditions (failure to maintain HOMEOSTASIS)
What is the more common term for areas where water covers the soil, either part or all of the time?
Wetlands
Identify two causes of cultural eutrophication
1. agricultural runoff
2. wastewater release.
Identify three significant pollutants that can bioaccumulate and have significant environmental impacts.
DDT
PCBs
Mercury
Identify two diseases that come from drinking contaminated water.
Dysentery
Cholera (bacterial)
Giardia
(E. coli)
How can sedimentation in runoff lead to a reduction in aquatic primary production?
Sedimentation reaching aquatic ecosystems can reduce light infiltration, leading to a reduction in photosynthesis.
Identify two ecological services of wetlands.
water purification, flood protection, water filtration, and habitat.
Identify two pros and 2 cons of composting.
PRO: minimizes landfill inputs; can be used as organic fertilizer
CON: odor, attracts rodents, aesthetically displeasing
This "pollutant" indicates that there may be sewage or manure in a water source.
E. coli/ coliform bacteria
This re-emergent disease is a bacterial infection that typically attacks the lungs. It is spread by breathing in a certain species of Mycobacterium from the bodily fluids of an infected person.
Tuberculosis (TB)
Why are diarrheal diseases more prevalent in economically developing countries, as compared to developed contries?
Poverty-stricken, low-income areas often lack sanitary waste disposal and have contaminated drinking water supplies.
Identify two threats to wetlands and mangroves.
commercial development, dam construction, overfishing, and pollutants from agriculture and industrial waste.
What are the main components of a sanitary municipal landfill?
bottom liner (plastic or clay)
storm water collection system
leachate collection system
cap
methane collection system
Asbestos is an indoor pollutant that leads to what disease? (be specific)
Mesothelioma
Identify TWO forms of acute respiratory syndromes that have had wide-ranging impacts in the recent past
SARS (severe acute resp. syndrome)
MERS (Middle East Respiratory syndrome)
COVID (SARS-CoV-2)
What is the opposite of a eutrophic waterway?
Oligotrophic waterways (low nutrients, stable algae populations, high DO)
What is the name of the largest mangrove forest found in the U.S.?
Everglades National Park (south Florida)
Identify two strategies that can be used to mitigate the impact of landfills.
Burn waste for energy (reduces landvill volume)
Restore habitat on former landfills for use as parks
Use methane produced from organic decomp in landfills as a source of natural gas energy (reduces landvill volume)
Lung function and primary productivity can be reduced by what tropopsheric secondary pollutant?
ozone
Identify TWO diseases that are increasing in incidence as a direct result of climate change.
Anything mosquito borne: Zika, Malaria, West Nile
Why can thermal pollution lead to hypoxic conditions in water?
The warmer the water gets, the less oxygen it can hold.