Vocabulary
middle class in revolutionary France
Bourgeoisie
the overthrow of one government and its replacement with another
Political Revolution
A major contributing factor to the start of an independence movement in the American colonies was the lack of-
representation
One similar result of the American and French Revolutions was that in both countries the citizens gained more-
political rights
About what percentage of France's population belonged to the Third Estate?
97-98%
Belief in the ideas of _______________________________and discontent within the Third Estate were causes of the French Revolution.
Enlightenment
Vienna is the capital of which country?
Austria
belief that a monarchy’s power was given to them by the authority of God
Divine Right
division of social class in revolutionary France
Estate
Centralized control of all political processes by the ruler is a characteristic of an-
absolute monarchy
ideas of Enlightenment philosophes, such as the separation of powers, influence the political revolutions were incorporated into ________________documents.
Constitutional
Who made up each estate?
1st- clergy
2nd- nobility
3rd- common people
Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution?
Only peasants and the clergy paid taxes.
Only about 2 percent of the nobility paid any taxes.
The nobility paid taxes only on land, not on income.
The members of the Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes.
common people- peasants and bourgeoisie. Made up of majority of the population
Third Estate
An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.
Estates General
extreme patriotism and devotion to the supremacy of one’s nation
Nationalism
The European response to the rise and fall of Napoleon’s empire helped to spread the idea of -
Nationalism
The development of democratic-republican government and new ideas about individual rights were introduced during the-
Enlightenment
Which group imposed the Reign of Terror?
the Committee of Public Safety
Which goal was NOT stated in the "slogan of the Revolution"?
liberty
equality
justice
brotherhood
clergy- consisting of priests and Church officials
First Estate
a political system in which the ruler is chosen by hereditary title and uses power to control all aspects of political life
Absolute Monarchy
political system in which the power of the monarch is limited by a constitution
Limited Monarchy
The American revolutionaries fought to gain independence from a colonial power, while the French revolutionaries revolted in order to replace the existing political and-
social order
Following the defeat of Napoleon, European powers came together at the ____________________ in order to restore a balance of power in Europe.
Congress of Vienna
Which document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in "rights"?
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens
In 1792, the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declare France a
Republic
nobility- had special privileges like being exempt from many taxes and holding high positions in court
Second Estate
a system in which no single country could become so powerful that it could threaten to dominate other countries in the system
Balance of Power
political idea that government should be limited by a constitution or set of policies and laws
Constitutionalism
The Enlightenment philosophers inspired later political revolutions because of their support for-
Natural Rights
The writers of the U.S. Constitution created a government that is divided into three branches. This principle reflects-
Separation of Powers
What happened on July 14, 1789?
Bastille Day- A mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder.
Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are best known for -
The Reign of Terror
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Checks and Balances