The Antebellum South
This cash crop dominated Southern exports and political power, earning the nickname “King.”
Enslaved people often resisted slavery through subtle acts like work slowdowns and tool-breaking, known as this.
What is passive resistance?
This religious movement emphasized personal salvation and emotional revival meetings.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
This belief held that Americans were destined to expand across the continent.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This 1820 compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
This invention by Eli Whitney dramatically increased cotton production and expanded slavery.
What is the cotton gin?
These harsh conditions defined daily life for enslaved field workers on plantations.
What are long hours and brutal labor
This group found religious inspiration leading to the Seneca Falls Declaration
Women
This 1830 law forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This 1850 law attempted to settle disputes over slavery in new territories.
What is the Compromise of 1850?
Southern leaders argued this institution was a “positive good” that supposedly civilized enslaved people.
Slavery
This was the central source of hope, community, and resilience for many enslaved African Americans.
What is religion?
This new American religion emerged during the revival era under Joseph Smith
What is the Mormon Church?
This deadly forced march removed the Cherokee from their homeland.
What is the Trail of Tears?
This idea let settlers vote on slavery, leading to violence in Kansas.
What is popular sovereignty?
The South was classified as this type of Economy
Agrarian
This percentage of Whites owned the massive plantations
1-3%
This event in 1844 led Brigham Young to take leadership and guide the Mormon migration west.
What is the murder of Joseph Smith?
This overland route carried thousands of settlers to the Pacific Northwest.
What is the Oregon Trail?
This gold discovery in 1848 caused a population boom and intensified debates over slavery.
What is the California Gold Rush?
This group sat at the top of Southern society, owning most wealth and political influence.
Planter elites
Despite owning no enslaved people, many poor whites supported slavery for this aspirational reason.
What is the hope of upward mobility?
This type of ideal community—like Brook Farm or New Harmony—grew out of revival-era reform energy.
What is a utopian society?
This 1848 treaty ended the Mexican-American War and gave the U.S. huge new territories.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
This conflict erupted partly because Americans in Texas clashed with Mexican laws and authority.
What is the Mexican-American War?