States of Matter
Phase Transitions
KMT
Units & Properties
Energy Equations
100
What are the 4 states of matter in order from the LEAST to MOST amount of energy of the particles?
What are solid, liquid, gas, plasma?
100
The term for when a liquid turns into a gas?
Evaporation.
100
What happens when heat is added to matter?
Adding heat makes the particles move faster.
100
The units of heat
What are Joules (or kilojoules)
100
Name the following states of matter in order
Gas, Solid, Liquid
200
Liquids have a fixed shape, but not a fixed volume. True or False?
False. Liquids have no fixed shape, but have a fixed volume.
200
What is the term called for when a gas turns into a liquid?
Condensation.
200
What happens to the spaces between the particles when a solid is heated and why?
The spaces between the particles in the solid increases because they are vibrating faster and need more room to move.
200
The SI unit for pressure.
What are Pascals?
200
The two equations used to calculate heat required for phase transitions.
What are Q=mC(delta)T
and Q=mHf/v
300
Name two properties of a solid.
Definite shape, incompressibility (definite volume), high density
300
The phase change that occurs when dry ice turns into vapors.
What is sublimation?
300
When we add heat, what are we adding to the molecules?
Energy.
300
The significant temperature (including the scale/unit) at which all molecules theoretically cease movement (have no kinetic energy).
What is absolute zero (Kelvin)?
300
Heat of vaporization is used when...
A substance reaches evaporation/condensation point
400
Which states of matter cannot be compressed?
Solids and Liquids.
400
The phase transition that occurs when frost forms on glass.
What is deposition?
400
With kinetic molecular theory, it is assumed that all collisions between molecules are elastic/inelastic energy is partially/fully transferred.
Elastic, fully
400
A physical property that distinguishes a molecular solid from an ionic solid.
What is melting/boiling point (ionic is higher)
400
Heat of fusion is used when...
A substance reaches melting/freezing point
500
The two phases that exist at equilibrium at a substance's boiling point.
What are liquid and gas?
500
The phases of the graph at stage A to B and E to F.
What is solid and gas?
500
How evaporation cools a liquid.
Average kinetic energy drops as molecules with highest amount of kinetic energy escape the liquid during evaporation.
500
The units of heat capacity.
Answers vary, typically:
J/g˚C. (energy/mass•temperature)
500
How many times steps (total number of equations) will be used when calculating the energy required to bring water from -10˚C to 3˚C?
What is 3: solid, heat of fusion, liquid
600
How a liquid evaporates in terms of kinetic energy.
The liquid molecules obtain energy to have enough kinetic energy to escape the surface of the liquid and turn into gas.
600
In this heating curve of ice, what state/s is the water in during:
stage B to C and stage D to E
B and C -a mixture of solid ice and water
D and E - a mixture of water and steam (gas)
600
One of the five properties of an ideal gas.
1. many molecules
2. volume of molecules negligible
3. elastic collisions
4. no electrical forces of attraction/repulsion
5. average KE proportional to temperature
600
The definition of a unit of pressure.
What is force per unit of area?
600
The equation used for calculating energy for water sitting at 100˚C.
What is Q=mHv