THE PUNIC WARS
This war led to the destruction of Carthage
Third Punic War
“This river crossing by Caesar signaled the start of civil war.”
(What is the Rubicon?)
This alliance between Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus helped dismantle the Republic.”
(What is the Second Triumvirate?)
Octavian became the first emperor by transforming himself into this title.”
(Who is Augustus?)
“This mountain range formed a natural barrier that Hannibal famously crossed during the Second Punic War.”
(What are the Alps?)
This island was the main prize that sparked the First Punic War.
Sicily
This reform by Caesar reorganized the calendar into the 365‑day system.
What is the Julian calendar
The Third Serville war was led by this Gladiator
Spartacus
After Caesar’s assassination, Octavian consolidated power by claiming this relationship.”
His adopted son/heir
“This sea, central to Roman expansion, was referred to by the Romans as Mare Nostrum — ‘Our Sea.’”
(What is the Mediterranean Sea?)
This Carthaginian commander used war elephants to intimidate Roman forces in Italy.
Hannibal
This title, granted in 44 BCE, convinced many that Caesar aimed to become king.
(What is dictator perpetuo / dictator for life?
“These two brothers challenged the status quo with land reforms and were killed for it.”
(Who are the Gracchi brothers?)
This strategy helped Octavian defeat Antony and Cleopatra.”
What is controlling propaganda and naval power?
This political body of elite Romans held most of the power during the Republic and often clashed with popular leaders.”
(What is the Senate?)
This Roman victory strategy in the Second Punic War involved avoiding direct battle.
What is the Fabian strategy
This alliance between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus eventually collapsed due to rivalry and death
What is the First Triumvirate?
These two generals militarized Roman politics by using their armies for political power.”
(Who are Marius and Sulla?
This building program under Augustus transformed Rome from “a city of brick to a city of marble.”
(What is his massive public works/monument program?)
“This region, conquered by Caesar, stretched from the Mediterranean to the English Channel and greatly expanded Rome’s territory.”
(What is Gaul?)
This Roman commander completed beating Hannibal in Africa
Scipio Africanus
“This festival day in 44 BCE became infamous as the date of Caesar’s assassination.”
What is the Ides of March?
This event in 88 BCE marked the first time a Roman general marched on Rome.”
(What is Sulla’s march on Rome?)
This long period of peace and stability defined Augustus’s reign.
(What is the Pax Romana?)
“This Roman naval innovation neutralized Carthage’s superior seamanship by turning sea battles into infantry fights.”
(What is the corvus?)