Napoleon Bonaparte
What was The Directory?
5 person committee governing France. They oversaw a declining economy and destructive wars that kept getting worse under their rule.
The Tennis Court Oath
“We swear never to separate and to meet wherever circumstances require until the kingdom’s Constitution is established and grounded on solid foundations.”
How many deputies (representatives) were sent from each estate to the Estates General?
The Estates General Meeting of 1789 consisted of…
1st Estate deputies: 303
2nd Estate deputies: 291
3rd Estate deputies: 610
Name three Articles from The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, give a summary of what right they uphold.
Article I – Human Beings are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common good.
Article II – The goal of any political association is the conservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man.
Article V – The law has the right to forbid only actions harmful to society. Anything which is not forbidden by the law cannot be impeded, and no one can be constrained to do what it does not order.
Article X – No one may be disquieted for his opinions, even religious ones, provided that their manifestation does not trouble the public order established by the law.
Article XIII – For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenditures of administration, a common contribution is indispensable; it must be equally distributed to all the citizens, according to their ability to pay.
Battle of Trafalgar
Year(s)
Result of Battle
1805
The British then continued to fund anyone fighting Napoleon on the continent because they knew they were no match for him on land. Austria (the Holy Roman Empire) joined Britain after Napoleon declared himself King of Italy. Russia soon jumped in as well.
What is the Concordat of 1801?
Recognized Catholicism as primary religion of France. Also reinstated the clergy as long as they supported the French government. Gaining Napoleon support from the Church.
The August Decrees
A series of laws that abolished the taxes peasants had to pay nobles and the Church. They are widely considered to be the official end of feudalism in France.
What turned the Estates General of 1789 sour?
All estates were placed in separate rooms at a royal palace near Versailles, with furniture reflecting the status of each one (3rd Estate had the worst).
The 3rd Estate representatives realized that, since each estate had one vote they’d always be outvoted.
They argued that they needed to have more power since they represented 95% of the population of France. They were ignored
What happened to the Commander of the Bastille?
the commander of the fort was taken prisoner, executed, then had his head paraded around Paris on a pike.
Invasion of Spain
Year(s)
Result
1807
This would cause widespread revolts in the Spanish colonies and led to the independence of Mexico, Colombia, and many other American states from the Spanish.
In what year was Napoleon crowned Emperor of France by the Pope?
1804
The Jacobins
A political club (party) that advocated for the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of an equal society.
How did the King respond to the Third Estate demanding more rights?
The King responded by locking the door to the building the next day
Why did the August Decrees need to be passed?
to calm the population after the Storming of the Bastille
Invasion of Russia
Year(s)
Result
1812-1813
It proved a disaster. The Russians would retreat at every battle but would burn all farmland and homes as they ran away.
Eventually Napoleon was defeated by the Russian Winter.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
a code of law across ALL France. Standardized law on economics, citizenships, family and property. Established across Europe as Napoleon conquered more and more of it.
First Consul
Essentially highest level of the Napoleonic French government with dictatorial powers
How did the representatives from the Third Estate respond to the King locking them out of the Estates General?
The 3rd Estate then went to an indoor tennis court nearby and declared a new National Assembly.They vowed they wouldn’t dissolve the assembly until a new French constitution making society more equal was written.
What allowed the citizens of Paris to attack the Bastille?
The French Guard refused to disperse them. Some even joined and together, they attacked the French prison fortress Bastille.
The Battle of Waterloo
Year(s)
Result of Battle
1815
Napoleon was finally defeated and surrendered on July 15
Napoleon was exiled to the distant island of St. Helena and died on May 5, 1821.
What were the results of the Napoleonic Code?
Impoverished and reduce women's rights
Abolished feudal laws
Established higher education focused on science, math and French.
Established roads across his Empire
Established across Europe as Napoleon conquered more and more of it.
The Continental System
A ban of British trade and goods led by Napoleon. His goal was for the entirety of continental Europe to boycott Britain.
How many attackers died in the Storming of the Bastille?
83
Who made up the third estate?
Commoners:
was made up of everyone else, from peasant farmers to the bourgeoisie – the wealthy business class. While the Second Estate was only 1% of the total population of France, the Third Estate was 96%, and had none of the rights and privileges of the other two estates.
The Battle of Austerlitz
Year(s)
Result of Battle
1805-1806
The combined forces of the Austrians and the Russian Empire were crushed at the Battle of Austerlitz.
Emperor Francis II of Austria, lost the title of “Holy Roman Emperor” due to Napoleon controlling most of Germany. Ending the Holy Roman Empire