Enlightenment
This scientist, mathematician, and supposed discoverer of gravity theorized about a "world-machine," which was greatly influential for Enlightenment thinkers expanding laws of the natural world to human endeavors.
Isaac Newton
The British Parliament's first Factory Act regulated industrial practices starting in what year?
1833
Britain
What addictive product was used by the British to open up China for trade?
Opium
This European nation was permitted to trade with Japan during the sakoku period from Dejima Island.
The Netherlands (Dutch)
Thomas Hobbes published his major work ________ in 1651.
Leviathan
Daily Double: In what year did John Locke publish Two Treatises on Government?
The most significant textile of the Industrial Revolution.
Cotton (clothing)
Industrial-era steamships required numerous secure stations accommodating global trade by providing which fuel?
Coal
Why was tea highly sought from China, particularly by Britain, in the 19th century?
Tea native to and so initially and mainly grown in China // Caffeinated drink used by both upper and lower classes during IR // Changing social norms
The capital city of the emperor in Japan was ________ whereas the main city of the shogunate was ________.
Kyoto / Edo (Tokyo)
Who said the following: “By means of glasses, hotbeds, and hotwalls, very good grapes can be raised in Scotland, and very good wine too can be made of them at about thirty times the expense for which at least equally good can be brought from foreign countries and traded freely. Would it be a reasonable law to prohibit the importation of all foreign wines and markets, merely to encourage the making of claret and burgundy in Scotland?"
Adam Smith
Daily Double: What is the theory of economics described?
The steam engine was invented by this Scottish inventor.
James Watt
19th century imperialism largely abandoned colonialism as it was inefficient for the economic goals of extracting _________ and protecting _________.
Raw Materials // Markets
The Qing Dynasty's conservative view towards modernization and Westernization were guided under the influence of whom?
Dowager Empress Cixi.
Daily Double: What was the name of the main reformer?
The Sat-Cho Alliance was instrumental in what political movement?
Meiji Restoration
Thomas Hobbes describes it as thus: "No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short."
State of Nature
Marx and Engels separate people into which two great classes?
Name both and provide a brief description.
Bourgeoisie (own means of production / pay wages and earn profits) and Proletariat (labor / earn wages).
Herbert Spencer's adaptation of the theory of natural selection gave rise to this justification and racialization for imperialism.
Social Darwinism
By 1900, what where the four European (and one Asian) nations with spheres of influence in China?
Britain, France, Russia, Germany / Japan
Which 1853 treaty is an example of "gunboat diplomacy" being successful?
Who that there must a separation of powers in government in order to maintain checks and balances in his work Spirit of the Laws?
Baron de Montesquieu
In both the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, Marx's philosophical theory of ______________ describes antagonism between, and predicts an inevitable clash between the two classes.
Dialectical Materialism
This anti-malarial medicine provided protection for Europeans in tropical climates.
Quinine
The Treaty of Nanjing (1842) featured five significant concessions to the British discussed in class. Name all five (100pts/each).
1. Opened more trade ports (five).
2. Gave Hong Kong island to Britain.
3. Extraterritorial legal status for British citizens in China.
4. China paid for Opium War (indemnity).
5. Eliminated/reduced tariffs on British goods.
Japan's territorial expansion during the 20th century focused on securing supply of which resources required by the military?
Oil / rubber / food