9.1/9.2 Attitude
36 of 139
36 of 139
Which of the following is most useful in under-standing an employer's interpretation of an employee's poor performance?
Cannon's theory
Reinforcement theory
Attribution theory
Arousal theory
Cognitive dissonance
Attribution Theory
Because the most popular students in the high school tend to wear a particular brand of athletic shoe, a new student buys a pair of shoes of the same brand. Such behavior demonstrates which of the following social psychological concepts?
Obedience
Conformity
Cognitive dissonance
Groupthink
Compliance
Conformity
Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged?
Intellectualizing
Just-world hypothesis
Groupthink
Pluralistic ignorance
Social loafing
Groupthink
George sat next to Kiki in biology class every day. They often worked together on assignments. By the end of the semester, George became quite fond of Kiki. Which social psychological term best explains George’s attraction to Kiki?
Social trap
Mere-exposure effect
Bystander effect
Altruism
Companionate love
Mere-exposure effect
When four-year-old Chris grabs a toy car from two-year-old Pat because Chris wants to play with the toy, Chris is demonstrating
hostile aggression
instrumental aggression
social facilitation
social inhibition
locus of control
Instrumental Aggressionn
People often have expectations about another person that influence how they act toward that person. Such expectations in turn cause that person to behave consistently with the original expectations. The phenomenon is known as
Responses
a self-fulfilling prophecy
the mere-exposure effect
hindsight bias
social facilitation
self-fulfilling prophecy
One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish
bystander apathy
superordinate goals
group polarization
group polarizationcounterconformity
counterconformitydiffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
After discussing a topic, a group makes a decision that is more extreme than the average position of all of the group members prior to discussion. The group’s action is an example of
group consensus
group polarization
group consistency
the mere-exposure effect
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
Deborah says that she is not interested in dating anyone at her workplace. However, after spending time with her coworker James at a week-long conference, she finds herself attracted to him and begins to pursue a relationship. Deborah’s interest in James is most likely due to
the fundamental attribution error
deindividuation
the mere-exposure effect
the just-world phenomenon
Mere exposure
According to research on attraction, people are most likely to be attracted to others who are
very different from themselves
similar to themselves in many ways
barely known or complete strangers
less physically attractive than they themselves are
similar to themselves in many ways
Kelly sees her acquaintance Carly help another student who dropped her books in the hallway. When asked about Carly later, Kelly says that she is not only helpful, but she is also generous, smart, and attractive. Which of the following best explains why Kelly describes Carly with additional positive qualities?
Actor-observer bias
The halo effect
Normative social influence
Social facilitation
The foot-in-the-door technique
Halo effect
When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country. Often, fans believe that athletes from other countries cheat but athletes from their own country would never cheat. This is an example of what psychological concept?
Scapegoat theory
Social facilitation
In-group bias
Groupthink
Mere-exposure effect
In group bias
Diffusion of responsibility has been used to explain which of the following findings in social psychology?
People often conform because of peer pressure.
People in a group lose their individual identity and become more cohesive.
A person who is alone while witnessing an emergency is more likely to help than if he were part of a group.
People often perform better when working in a group than when working alone.
Many participants obey a researcher even if the researcher’s instructions might lead to harm for another participant.
A person who is alone while witnessing an emergency is more likely to help than if he were part of a group.
Holding a predetermined belief about a group of people, regardless of the personal qualities of the individual members, is referred to as
stereotyping
discrimination
self-justification
self-justificationdissonance
polarization
Stereotype
People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience
homeostasis
a reduction in their hierarchy of needs
cognitive dissonance
an approach-avoidance conflict
social facilitation
cognitive dissonance
Which of the following explanations most clearly demonstrates an internal attribution for the reason a student fell asleep in class?
The class is boring.
The class was scheduled too early in the morning.
The warm temperature of the room put the student to sleep.
The student’s roommates are too noisy at night
The student does not care about the class.
Jim is better at computer games when his friends are watching than when he plays alone. Researchers would explain Jim’s behavior using which of the following theories?
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Group polarization
Groupthink
Normative social influence
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Group polarization
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Conformity
Social Loafing
John recently graduated with his law degree and began working for a local law firm. He enjoyed the opportunity to work with the cohort of new lawyers who were hired at the same time. Before long, he began socializing with his new friends and joined them in ridiculing the older lawyers. Which of the following accurately describes the behavior of the group of new lawyers?
They are an out-group engaged in prejudice.
They are an in-group engaged in prejudice.
They are an in-group engaged in self-fulfilling prophecy.
They are an out-group engaged in self-fulfilling prophecy.
They are an in-group engaged in stereotype threat.
They are an in-group engaged in prejudice.
When Julie’s boyfriend bought her a nice present, she thought, “He buys me presents because he’s such a nice person.” This kind of explanation is referred to as
an attribution
a belief in a just world
mutual independence
a stereotype
social facilitation
In Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners. The results showed that
groupthink can be dangerous
groups that are hostile toward each other may be united by a common goal
situations can exert powerful effects on morality and identity
socialization can have an impact on bystander apathy
situations can exert powerful effects on morality and identity
In an experiment, participants who all wore matching red shirts acted more aggressively than participants who did not wear matching shirts. This is an example of
social inhibition
the facial feedback hypothesis
obedience
the mere-exposure effect
Deindivuation
Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch's experiments on conformity?
People conformed if they knew and respected the authority figure present.
An increase from 7 to 12 confederates increased conformity by experimental subjects.
Experimental subjects conformed less frequently when their judgments were made known to the group.
About 99% of the judgments made by the experimental subjects were wrong.
If the confederates' judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by experimental subjects decreased.
If the confederates' judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by experimental subjects decreased.
Which of the following findings would support an interpretation of aggression as catharsis?
Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do not value aggressive sports
One average, levels of aggression are about equal across al societies
Aggressiveness in societies correlates highly with the average annual temperature
Societies in which media content is particularly aggressive are more aggressive than societies that have less violent media content
In most societies, aggression among individuals waxes and wanes with age
Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do not value aggressive sports