Unit A Test Review: Foundations of Neuroscience.

ANS & Homeostasis

100

This division of the Human Nervous System that encompasses the Autonomic responses as well as our voluntary movements

Peripheral Nervous System

200

This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and energy mobilization.

Sympathetic nervous system

300

This neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the promoting relaxation and decreased heart rate.

Acetylcholine

400

Bronchodilation involves the relaxation of the bronchi in the lungs, allowing for increased airflow. This is triggered by the release of which hormone?

Epinephrine

500

This process occurs during sympathetic nervous system stimulation to halt digestion.

Peristalsis

Cell Membranes & HNS

100

Suppose you have 0.3 mol of NaCl and you dissolve this in 1 L of water. What is the molarity of your solution?

O.3 M

200

Even though potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell, they tend to diffuse outward through these pathways. This process occurs passively through facilitated diffusion.

K+ leak channels.

300

These are the components of the central nervous system.

Brain and spinal cord

400

What comprises the peripheral nervous system

Nerve tissue/ fibers outside of the brain & spine.

(31 spinal nerves, 12 cranial nerves)

500

Give one reason as to why the cell membrane requires gated channels.

1. ions cannot freely diffuse

2. will determine the likelihood of an action potential.

3. nerve signaling requires ion concentration gradient

Neurons

100

"Dendriform" or "dendroid" refers to appearing like this

a tree

200

This structure provides insulation for the neuron and allows a signal to be transmitted efficiently.

Myelin

300

This part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and is often tree-like in appearance.

Dendrites

400

Both names for the cells that transmit motor information from the spinal cord & brain to the muscles and glands

Efferent Neurons

Motor Neurons

500

These respond to painful or noxious stimuli

Nociceptors

Cell Potential

100

This term refers to the voltage difference across a resting neuron’s membrane, usually about –70 mV.

Resting membrane potential

200

Fill in the blank: the Na⁺/K⁺ pump sends ___ Na⁺ ions ___ for every ___ K⁺ ions ____. 

3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell for every 2 K⁺ ions into the cell.

300

The rapid influx of this ion causes depolarization during an action potential.

Na⁺

400

After an action potential, this short period prevents another impulse from starting right away, ensuring one-way signal transmission.

Refractory period

500

A cell membrane is -55mV. Along the action potential diagram, this point is best associated with:

Threshold potential