Directional Terms/Planes
What plane of the body dives the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions?
Transverse plane
Which component of the skeleton has the main function of movement?
appendicular skeleton
Flexion of the ankle/wrist joint, moves foot or palm up
dorsiflexion
Identify the three kinds of muscle tissue.
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
What is the definition of reciprocal inhibition? What do we call the pair of muscles that do reciprocal inhibition?
When nervous system sends signal for one muscle to contract (agonist) while the other relaxes (antagonist). Called a antagonistic pair.
The heart is ______ to the spine.
anterior
What are the 4 kinds of bones?
long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone
What joint movement goes from palm up to palm down or ankle rolling inward? (medial rotation)
pronation
Name two functions of muscle tissue in general.
generates most of body heat, movement of food and blood, keeps posture, movement of bones
Give an example of antagonistic pair.
Biceps/Triceps
Anterior tibialis/gastrocnemius
Quads/Hamstrings
Definition: Closest to the midline of the body or structure.
medial
true
What joint movement(s) is happening at the hip when a cheerleader does a tow touch
abduction when jumping up/adduction while coming down.
Name three characteristics common to muscle tissue.
contractibility, extensibility, elasticity, atrophy, and hypertrophy
What is the principle of orderly recruitment?
Skeletal muscle recruits motor units type I first, then type II, then type IIx
The sagittal plane rotates around what axis?
frontal/transverse
What kind of joint unites two bones using cartilage and has limited movement?
cartilaginous joints
What joint movement(s) is happening at the knee when someone does a star jump starting at knees flexed?
extension while jumping up
What is the smallest subunit of a muscle fiber? It is where muscle contraction happens.
Sarcomere
What kind of muscle contraction can be demonstrated by flexing the elbow joint during a bicep curl?
isotonic concentric
A cheerleader is performing a cartwheel. What plane and axis does this movement happen in?
frontal plane-sagittal axis
What kind of synovial joint allows for movement in two directions but has less range than a saddle joint?
condyloid joint
What is joint movement(s) is happening at the elbow during a chest press?
flexion while going down, extension when going back up.
What specific kind of motor unit/muscle fiber type is most affected when muscles go through atrophy?
Type 1 muscle fibers
What motor unit types would be recruited the most during a 100m run?
Type IIx